








x°-; 



^ 





HISTORY 

SPEINCIFIELD, ILLINOIS, 



Its Attractions as a Home and Advantages 
FOR Business, 



MANUFACTURING, ETC. 



PUBLISHED UXDER THE AUSPICES OF THE 

M^mMGWiELB BQ.^M^ OF WS^BE» 
BY J. C. POWER. 



SPPJKGFIELD : 

ILLINOIS STATE JOUKIfAL PRINT. 
1S71. 



■-> 



.'5'^ 



V 

"^Q^ '"^ ,fepESPOM)ENCE. 



Springfield, III., May. 19, 1871. 
IIessrs. S. H. Melvin, "W. B. Miller and W. B. Cowgill : 1 

Gentlemen : — Having placed myself under your direction — as a committee of 
the Board of Trade — in the preparation of the following pages on the " History 
of Springfield, Illinois : its attractions as a Home, and advantages for Business, 
Jlanufacturing," etc., I hereby submit a copy of the advance sheets for your 
inspection. It is for you to say whether I have, or have not, redeemed the promi- 
ses made in my Prospectus of Feb. 27th. 

Respectfully, yours, J. C. POWER. 



Springfield, III., May 22, 1871. 
J. C. Power, Esq. : 

Dear Sir:— We have examined the proof sheets of the " History of Spring- 
field, etc.," as submitted tons on the 19th inst., and cheerfully certify, that, in 
our judgment, it is all, and 7nore, than could have been reasonably expected from 
your prosjiectus. 

It evinces a great amount of research, and is much more comprehensive than 
you promised us; We confidently hope and expect that a thorough circulation of 
your work will materially advance the interests of our beautiful and growing 
city. Yours, truly, 

^ S. H. MELVIN, 
W. B. MILLER, 
W. B. COWQILL, 

Coinmitte^. 



/J3/// 



/ 



INTRODUCTORY REMARK^. . - »#.. 



In laying the result of my labors, for several weeks past, before the people of 
Springfield, I wish to correct an irui^ression, >Ybich prevails to some extent, that 
this is a directory, or gazetteer, or business mirror of the city. It was not intended 
for anything of the kind, but just what its title indicates. 

The notices of business houses, with but few exceptions, are simply courtesies 
due to those who assisted me in placing in this form the attractions and advantj;- 
ges of the capital city. It is to these, less than two hundred, business men and 
irms that the whole 18,000 citizens are under obligations for any good that may 
accrue to Springlield Irom this publication. There is a large number of mercantile 
houses in the city who are not mentioned. 

In the business of manufacturing I have endeavored to present the names of all, 
in order to give every manufacturer living at a distance, an opijortuuity of know- 
ing whether his particular branch of business is represented or not. A manufac- 
turer, who does not find his business mentioned under the head of "Manufacturing 
Establishments," may know that this is a clear field. 

I must make this an occasion for tendering my thanks to those business men in 
general, including the Mayor and City Council of Springfield, who have given me 
their support. To Messrs. Melvin, Miller and Cowgill for their co-operation, ad. 
vice and assistance. And to the venerable James L. Lamb and Hon. J. S. Bra d- 
ford, for repeated courtesies. To one and all, individually and collectively, I 
hereby tender my sincere thanks. 

To Mr. Harry C. Watson I am under special obligations, for the articles that 
bear his name ; also for assisting me in collecting and writing up the business no- 
tices in these pages. I very much regret being compelled to omit an excellent ar. 
tide written by him, on the State Arsenal. I can only recommend that every 
visitor to Springfield call on Gen. Dilger, and see for themselves how harmless 
the implements of war look in time of jjeace. 

It was my intention to present a description of the magnificent, new, fire-i)roof 
United States Court and Post Office building. But of course every visitor to 
Springfield will visit and examine that also. In fact I find that I have scarcely 
commenced describing the Attractions andAd vantages of the Capital City. If its 
citizens will use what I have written to the best advantage, I entertain some hopes 
that it will do good. If, however, they do not heartily co-operate in the work, I 
have already written too much. 

Springfield, May 23, 1871. J. C. P. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE. 

Peelimikabt Histoeioal Sketch 5 

American Revolution 6 

• • ftolnty oT IlliHois 7 

Piret Republican or Democratic Governor of 

IlliEois 7 

Oepimakce op 1T8T 9 

Territory of Ohio organized 9 

" "Illinois " 9 

" "Indiana " 9 

[State Goveekment Obganized 10 

SPEiyGFiELi) and Sangamon County 10 

Court Houses IN Sangamon County 11 

First Survey of Public Lands 13 

First Legislation for Springfield 13 

State Capitals 14 

Offers to release Springfield of the $50,C00 IG 

Note of one hundred and one citizens 16 

Public Festival 17 

Building the Leland Hotel . 17 

Mcvemeuts for New State House 13 

Law for building a new Capital 18 

Efforts to nullify the law and their failure 19 

Magnitude of the work . 20 

Laying Corner Stone 20 

Description of the New State House 20 

Cut of the new Sta'e House 21 

Work completed 23 

Epitome of the Legislation for the new State 

House 24 

Statement of appropriations and expenditures 26 

Proclamatiou by the Governor 27 

Eably Histoey of Kailboad Legislation in 

Illinois 28 

Canals 29 

Internal Improvement Act 29 

Railroads again 23 

First Locomotive in Illinois 32 

First Locomotive io Springfield 32 

Toledo, Wabash and Western Railway 33 

Chicago and St. Louis Railroad 34 

Springfield and Illinois Southeastern Railway 35 
Gilman, Clinton and Spricgfield Railroad.... 35 

Springfield and St. Louis Railroad 36 

Springfield and Northwestern Railroad 36 

Riiilroad Map of Illinois — facing 3(j 

Springfield and Mattoon Railroad ?7 

Springfield and Peoria Railroad 37 

Subscriptions 87 

Hint toRiilroad Men , 37 

Conclusion 37 

Steeet Railways 33 

Capital Railway Company 33 

Springfield Ci< y Railway Company 38 

ToPOGBAPuY OF Illinois and Statistics op 

Population , 40 

Population of State— Sangamon County- 
Springfield 41 

Geology of Illinois 41 



PAGE. 

Sfilt Springs. Iri n Mining 42 

Coal and Coalmining 43 

Section of Coal Measures 44 

Abtfsian Well 45 

Coal Minikq in Sangamon County 46 

Howlett Mine 46 

J. G. Loose's Mine 47 

Saunderson & Co.'s Mine 48 

Stame & Shutt's Mine 49 

WaTEE WOBKS, SeWEEAGE AND G.\8 W 

Sprinafield Water Works 50 

Sewerage of the city 51 

Gas Light Company 5-2 

CnuEOHES 52 

City Schools 54 

Independent Eduoational Institutions 57 

Bettie Stuart Institute 57 

Springfield Business College 57 

St. Joseph's Ursuline Convent 58 

Lutheran University 58 

Benevolent Institutions of Spbingfield 59 

Springfield Home for the Friendless 59 

Home and Hospital for Fallen Women 01 

Public Lieeaeiis 6i 

Springfield L.brary Association 62 

German Read'ng Association C3 

Catholic Institute Association 63 

Illinois S ate Library 63 

Law Library 6.'J 

Benevolent Organizations and their Officers.. 64 

Public and Pei v ate Buildings 65 

Offioebs Tbansaotikg Business in Spbing- 
field 67 

United States Officers 67 

State Officers 67 

County Officers 67 

City Offljere 68 

Board of Trade 68 

Business Houses and Fiems op Spbingfield. 68-92 
Manufactueinq Establishments of Speing- 

FIELD 92 

Boiler mskers 93 

C'rriage and Wagon Faclories 92 

Founderics and Machine Shops 93 

Ornamental Carving 95 

Planifig Mil's or Door, Sash and Blind Fact's.. Q.'i 

Plow manufacturing 95 

Rope and Cordage Factories 85 

Sickle sections 95 

Soap and Candle Factories 95 

Woolen Mills 96 

Corn Planter Factory 96 

Springfl:ld \Va;ch Company 97 

Genkbal Ri view oe Concluding Remaeks. ... 99 

Springfield Botrd of Trade 101 

The N.^tional Lincoln Monument It3 

A.SNCU>02MENT 106 



PRELIMINARY HISTORICAL SKETCH. 



The first white men wlio explored this 
region of country, were Jesuit Missiona- 
ries from New France — now Canada. 
They visited the southern shores of the 
great northern lakes, for the purpose of 
communicating a knowledge of Christi- 
anity to the natives. 

James Marquette, a Catholic priest, and 
M. Joliet, a merchant, from Quebec, with 
two canoes and five men, left Green Bay 
and went down the Wisconsin river to 
the Mississippi, entering the latter stream 
July 17, 1673. They floated down the 
" father of waters," making frequent stop- 
pages among the Indians, and passed be- 
low the mouth of the Ohio. Here they 
found the savages disposed to be hostile, 
which caused them to return. On ap- 
proaching the mouth of the Illinois, on 
their way up, they were told by the abo- 
rigines, that if they would follow the 
course of that river, their route to the 
lakes would be much shorter. Taking 
this advice, the party reached Lake Mi- 
chigan, at a point near where Chicago 
now stands. Other Frenchmen came, by 
the way of Canada and the lakes, and in 
a few years all this region of country was 
considered a part of New France. The 
French being entitled to it by right of 
discovery, their possession was undispu- 
ted for about ninety years. 

Difficulties arising between France and 
England, at home, the British government 
sent an army of one thousand regular 
troops, under General Braddock, to make 
war against the French and their native 
allies in the new world. General Brad- 
dock landed at Alexandria, Virginia, and 



after increasing his army to twenty-two 
hundred, by the addition of provincials, 
he marched to attack Fort Du Quesne, 
where Pittsburgh now stands. Colonel 
George Washington, who was well ac- 
quainted with the Indian character, ac- 
companied the expedition as a volunteer 
aid. General Braddock refused to listen 
to the counsels of Colonel Washington, 
and the result was the surprise and de- 
feat of his whole army by the French and 
Indians. The commander was slain in 
this engagement,which took place July 9, 
1755. 

In 1758, the English government sent 
another army, which was more success- 
ful. It took fort Du Quesne, and the 
war raged until 1703, when the fall of 
Quebec left the English victors ; and by 
the treaty which followed, the whole of 
New France was ceded to Great Britain. 

Previous to the year 1673, this country 
was known only to the aborigines, or 
Indians. From the year of its discovery 
by the explorations of Marquette and 
Joliet, for more than half a century there 
was no attempt at organized government. 
The first effort was made in 1718, when 
the " Company of the West " was formed 
in Paris, for the New World. In that 
year the building of Fort De Chartres 
was commenced, and when comijleted 
was occui^ied as the military headquar- 
ters of the French. It was about sixteen 
miles above Kaskaskia, in the American 
bottom, three miles from the bluff, and 
tlirce-fourths of a mile from the river. 

At the time Now France was ceded to 
England, in 1763, Fort De Chartres was 



6 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



occupietl by M. St. Augc dc Belle Rive, 
as Commandant and Governor of the Illi- 
nois country. He continued in possession 
of the fort until 1765. In that year Cap- 
tain Stirling, of the Royal Highlanders, 
was sent out and took possession of the 
fort and country, in the name of the Bri- 
tish government. This continued to be 
the headquarters of the British until 
1772, when part of the fort was destroyed 
by a great rise of water in the Mississip- 
pi river. The English garrison was then 
removed to Kaskaskia. 

In 1763, the population of what is now 
the State of Illinois, did not exceed three 
thousand. About one-third left the coun- 
try upon its change of masters ; so that 
when the English took possession, the 
entire population, including French, Eng- 
lish and negroes, was about two thousand. 

Rev. John M. Peck says : " In olden 
time, Kaskaskia was to Illinois what 
Paris is at this day to France, Both 
were, at their resj)ective days, the great 
emporiums of fashion, gayety, and I must 
say, happiness also. In the year 1731 the 
Jesuits erected a monastery and college 
in Kaskaskia, and a few years afterwards 
it was chartered by the French govern- 
ment. Kaskaskia for many years was 
the largest town west of the AUeghaney 
mountains. It was a tolerable place be- 
fore the existence of Pittsburgh, Cincin- 
nati or New Orleans." 

THE AMERICAN KEVOLUTION. 

The English government became fairly 
settled in their occupation of the country 
wrested from France, and then com- 
menced that series of Parliamentary 
enactments, for the taxation of the Ame- 
rican Colonies, without allowing them 
to be represented in her national coun- 
cils, which led to the revolutionary strug- 
gle. Open hostilities commenced at Lex- 
ington, Massachusetts, April 19, 1775. 
Couriers were desj^atclied, on the most 
fleet-footed horses, and in a very few 
days the infant colonies were ablaze with 
excitement, and the call to arms was re- 



sponded to from Maine to Georgia. The 
first Congress met at Philadelphia, Sept. 
5, 1774, and continued its meetings by 
successive adjournments, until July 4, 
1776, when the American colonies were 
declared to be free and independent 
States. The familiar events of the war 
for independence, followed each other in 
quick succession, until all j^arties were 
engaged in the conflict, along the Atlan- 
tic coast ; but there were British out- 
posts in the west which had, until 1778, 
remained undisturbed. It M'as known 
that these posts were depots for supply- 
ing the Indians with arms and ammuni- 
tion, that they might practice deeds of 
cruelty and murder against the frontier 
settlers. The general government had 
not power to command, without consent 
of the States, even the limited resources 
of the country ; but what there was, 
seemed imperatively demanded on the 
seaboard. Under these circumstances, 
Colonel George Rogers Clarke, of Vir- 
ginia, volunteered to lead an expedition 
against the British garrisons west of the 
Alleghanies ; and the Governor and Coun- 
cil of Virginia took the responsibility of 
sending him out. Two sets of instruc- 
tions were given him. One which was 
public, was for Col. Clarke to raise seven 
companies for the protection of Kentucky, 
and proceed west. The secret and real 
instructions were for him to raise seven 
companies, of fifty men each, and proceed 
to Kaskaskia, and take or destroy the 
garrison of Fort Gates at that place ; and 
that the object of the expedition must be 
kept a profound secret. The instruc- 
tions were given by the Governor at 
Williamsburgh, then the CajDital of Vir- 
ginia, Jan. 2, 1788. Feb. 4th Col. Clarke 
left Virginia, for Pittsburgh. He took 
with him twelve hundred pounds in de- 
l)reciated currency to defray the expense 
of the expedition, and raised three com- 
panies in Pittsburgh. He jirocured boats, 
and with his supplies, arms and ammu- 
nition, descended the Ohio river to " Corn 
Island," opposite the present city of 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTUKINO. 



Louiaville, ^vhcro he was met by Captain 
Bowman, who had gone down through 
Kentucky to raise a company of men. 
When all were assembled on the island 
he first disclosed to them that his point 
of destination was Kaskaskia, in the Illi- 
nois country. From " Corn Island " Col. 
Clarke descended with his forces, to Fort 
Massac, on the west side of the Ohio 
river, about forty miles above its mouth. 
The party left their boats at this point, 
and marched across the country to Kas- 
kaskia, a distance of 120 mil«s, through 
an unbroken wilderness. They arrived 
within sight of the village on the morn- 
ing of the 4th of July. He concealed the 
main body of his men, and sent out spies 
to reconnoitre. At night the men were 
divided into two bodies, one to take the 
village and the other Fort Gage. After 
all was in readiness, with the soldiers 
drawn up in line on the banks of the 
Kaskaskia, Col. Clarke delivered a short 
address to hiS troops, in which he re- 
minded them that it was the anniversary 
of the Declaration of Independence, and 
that they must take the fort and village 
at all hazards. Fort Gage was a work of 
considerable strength, mounted with can- 
non and defended by regular soldiers. 
So secret had been the movements of the 
attacking party, and so little were they 
expected, that they reached the very 
gates of the fortification unperceived. In 
addition to this, they were so fortunate 
as to get into communication with an 
American belonging to the fort, who led 
a detachment of soldiers, under the cele- 
brated Simon Kenton, inside, through a 
back gate. The first intimation the Go- 
vernor had of their presence, was by 
Kenton giving him a shake to arouse 
him from his slumbers. The conquest 
was acliieved without the shedding of a 
drop of blood. 

The mortification of Governor Roche- 
blave was so great when ho found him- 
self a prisoner in the hands of so small a 
body of raw militia, without having an 
opportunity to fire a gun, that he refused 



to acknowledge any of the courtesies ex- 
tended to him on account of his ofiacial 
position. The only alternative for Colo- 
nel Clarke was to send him in irons to 
the Capital of Virginia. 

THE COUNTY OF ILLINOIS. 

Soon after the capture of Kaskaskia, 
Col. Clarke communicated the result of 
his expedition to the Governor, and ex- 
pressed his desire to have civil govern- 
ment extended over the conquered terri- 
tory. An act was passed by the law- 
making powers of Virginia, in October, 
1778, to establish the county of Illinois. 
" It embraced all that part of Virginia 
west of the Ohio river, and was probably 
the largest county in the world, exceed- 
ing in its dimensions the whole of Great 
Britain and Ireland." To speak more 
definitely, the county of Virginia, called 
Illinois, embraced the territory now in- 
cluded in the States of Ohio, Indiana, 
Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan. 

After capturing Fort Gates, the next 
jjoint to be reduced was Fort St. Vincent, 
now Vincennas, Indiana. This fortifica- 
tion fell into his hands Feb. 24, 1779, 
with Governor Hamilton and seventy- 
nine men. The property captured with 
this fort was valued at one hundred 
thousand jjounds sterling. 

THE FIEST REPUBLICAN OR DEMOCRATIC 
GOVERNOE OF ILLINOIS. 

Until this stage of its history, the Illi- 
nois country had been successively under 
savage, military and monarchical rulers, 
but now the time for another change was 
at hand. The first republican Governor 
of Illinois was no less a personage than 
the renowned Patrick Henry, the great 
orator of the American Revolution. He 
became the Governor of Virginia, in 
1776, and continued to hold the office by 
re-election until 1779. It was in this 
way that he came to be the first repub- 
lican or democratic Governor of Illinois. 

The law of Virginia establishing the 
county of Illinois, having been enacted 
in October, 177S, on the 12th of Decem- 



8 



8PKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



ber following, Governor Henry appointed 
John Todd civil commandant and Lieu- 
tenant Colonel of the new county. 

He wrote Commandant Todd a lengthy 
letter of instructions, in which he says : 
"The grand objects, which are disclosed 
to your countrymen, will prove beneficial 
or otherwise, according to the nature and 
abilities of those who are called to direct 
the affairs of that remote country. * * * 
One great good expected from holding 
the Illinois, is to overawe the Indians 
from warring against the settlers on this 
side of the Ohio." Near the close of his 
letter. Governor Henry says: "I think it 
proper for you to send me an express 
once in the month, with a general ac 
count of affairs with you, and any par 
ticulars you may wish to communicate.' 
The headquarters of Commandant Todd 
or the seat of government for the county 
was at Kaskaskia. 

The stay of Colonel Todd, in Illinois, 
was not of long duration. Being under 
orders to return to Virginia, he made it 
convenient to visit his family at Lexing- 
ton, Kentucky, on the way. While at 
Lexington, news came that the Indians 
west of the Ohio, were crossing over into 
Kentucky. He returned at the head of 
his command, and was killed at the bat- 
tle of Blue Licks. Col. Todd was related 
to the ancestors of Mrs. Lincoln. 

In 1780 Congress recommended to the 
several States having waste, or unappro- 
priated lands, in the western country, to 
cede it to the United States government 
for the common benefit of the Union. In 
January, 1781, Virginia responded to the 
overture of Congress, by yielding her 
claims to the territory northwest of the 
Ohio river, with certain conditions an- 
nexed. By an aot of Sept. 13, 1783, Con- 
gress proposed to comply, in the main, 
with the wishes of Virginia ; but sugges- 
ted some modification of the terms. On 
the 20th of December following, the 
General Assembly of Virginia passed an 
act accepting the modified terms pro- 



posed by the United States Congress. 
By this settlement the United States was 
to refund to Virginia all the money that 
had been expended by that State in her 
military operations, in conquering and 
holding the territory. It was also stipu- 
lated that a quantity, not exceeding one 
hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, 
promised by the State of Virginia, shall 
be allowed and granted by the United 
States, to General George Rogers Clarke, 
and to the officers and soldiers of his 
regiment, who marched with him, when 
the forts of Kaskaskia and St. Vincent 
were reduced, and to the officers and sol- 
diers that were afterwards incorjjorated 
into the said regiment. By this act the 
reijresentatives of that State, in Congress, 
were instructed and empowered to trans- 
fer the territory, by deed, to the United 
States. The deed was executed March 1, 
1784, and signed by Thomas Jefiersou, 
Samuel Hardy, Arthur Lee and James 
Monroe. 

By Virginia protecting the frontier 
settlers from the cruelties of Indian war- 
fare, she very justly goes down to pos- 
terity, with the honor of having donated 
to the general government, territory from 
which has grown five of the very best 
States of the American Union. But 
while she was generous to the public, she 
failed to be just to the man who was in- 
strumental in bringing so much honor 
upon herself. Butler, in his history of 
Kentucky, speaking of George Rogers 
Clarke, says : " The government of Vir- 
ginia failed to settle his accounts. Pri- 
vate suits were brought against him for 
public supplies, which ultimately swept 
away his fortune, and with this injustice 
the spirit of the hero fell, and the Gene- 
ral never recovered the energies which 
had stamped him as one of nature's noble 
men. At the same time, it is feared that 
a too extensive conviviality contributed 
its mischievous effects." The latter was, 
most likely, the real cause of his mis- 
fortunes. 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 



ORDINANCE OF 1787. 



July 13, 1787, an ordinauce for the go- 
verumeut of the Northwestern Territory, 
was enacted by Congress, and Gen. Ar- 
thur St. Clair ajjpeared at Marietta, on 
the Ohio river, and put the new govern- 
ment in operation. Washington county 
was the first organized, and included a 
considerable portion of the State of Ohio. 
In Feb., 1790, Governor St. Clair and his 
Secretary, "Wiuthrop Sargent, arrived at 
Kaskaskia, and organized the county of 
St. Clair, which embraced more than half 
the present State of Illinois. The first 
legislative body for the Northwestern 
Territory met at what is now Cincinnati, 
Sept. 16, 1789. On the 3d of October, 
Gen. Wm. H. Harrison was elected the 
first delegate to represent the Northwes- 
tern Territory in the Congress of the 
United States. 

TEBRITOEY OF OHIO ORGANIZED. 

May 7, 1800, Ohio was provided with 
a territorial organization, and Nov. 29, 
1802, was admitted into the Union as a 
State, with its seat of government at 
Chillicothe. 

THEEITORY OP INDIANA ORGANIZED. 

After Ohio was separated under a ter- 
ritorial government, the remainder con- 
tinued to be governed as the Northwes- 
tern Territory until 1802, when the Ter- 
ritory of Indiana was organized with 
William Henry Harrison as Governor. 
In 1803 the first legislature of Indiana 
Territory assembled at Vincennes. Illi- 
nois then being a part of Indiana Terri- 
tory, St. Clair county sent three repre- 
sentatives. 

TERRITORY OF ILLINOIS ORGANIZED. 

By an act of Congress, approved Feb. 
3, 1809, Illinois y^as separated from In- 



diana, and provision made for organizing 
a Territorial Government. 

Hon. Niuian Edwards, Chief Justice 
of Kentucky, was appointed by President 
Madison to be the first Governor of the 
Territory of Illinois. The government 
was organized by Nathaniel Pope, Terri- 
torial Secretary, April 28, 1809. Gover- 
nor Edwards arrived at Kaskaskia early 
in June, and on the 11th of that month 
took the oath of oflice. He was Gover- 
nor during the whole of the territorial 
existence of Illinois. His first commis- 
sion was dated March 7, 1809 ; re-ap- 
pointed Nov. 12, 1812 ; again re-appoint- 
ed, Jan. 16, 1816. Gov. Edwards was 
the father of Hon. Ninian W. Edwards 
and Hon. B. S. Edwards, among the old- 
est and most respected citizens of Spring- 
field. 

From 1809 to 1812, all the legislation 
was done " By authority of the Governor 
and Judges." They did not enact laws, 
but only selected from the territorial 
laws of Indiana and from the State of 
Kentucky such as were suitable to the 
situation, and declared them to be laws 
of the territory of Illinois. 

The first election in Illinois was held 
March 14, 1812, by order of Governor 
Edwards, for the purpose of ascertaining 
whether or not the people desired to take 
part in the government, by a territorial 
organization. The result of the election 
was favorable to the change. An elec- 
tion was then ordered to take place Oct. 
9, 10, 11, for the purpose of choosing a 
delegate to Congress and members of the 
Legislature. 

The first legislative body in the Terri- 
tory assembled at Kaskaskia, Nov. 25, 
1812. From that time to 1818, all busi- 
ness was done in the name of the " Leg- 



10 



SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



islative Council and House of Represen- 
tatives." That body assembled in De- 
cember, annually, until the organization 
of the State government, 

STATE GOVERNMENT ORGANIZED. 

By an act of Congress, approved April 
18, 1818, the people of Illinois were au- 
thorized to advance from a territorial to 
a State government. In August an elec- 
tion was held for State officers and a Re- 
presentative in Congress. The State was 



admitted into the Union on the third of 
December following. 

Shadrach Bond, who had been a dele- 
gate in Congress from 1811 to 1815, and 
receiver in the land office from that time 
until the State was admitted into the 
Union, was elected the first Governor 
under the State organization. Ex-Govcr- 
nor Edwards and Jesse B. Thomas were 
chnsen by the legislature to be the first 
United States Senators. 



SPRINGFIELD AND SANGAMON COUNTY. 



AVhen Illinois was admitted into the 
Union, it was composed of thirty-three 
counties, but Springfield and Sangamon 
county were unknown. 

Towns and cities are born, live and die, 
subject to the contingencies of birth, life 
and death, analagous to that of human 
beings. About the year 1818 an old 
bachelor by the name of Kelly, emigrated 
from North Carolina to tliis State. Mr. 
Kelly was exceedingly fond of the chase, 
and in prospecting for good hunting 
grounds, wandered in between two ra- 
vines, a couple of miles a2:)art, running in 
a northwesterly direction and emptying 
into Spring creek, a tributary of Sanga- 
mon river. 

The deer with which this country 
abounded, before the advent of civiliza- 
tion, made their homes in the timber 
along the large water courses. In the 
morning they would leave the heavy tim- 
ber, follow up the ravines, along which 
the trees became smaller, and finally run 
out on the open prairie. They would 
pass the day amid the tall and luxuriant 
grass, roaming about and grazing at pleas- 
ure, and as nightfall approached, return 
down the ravines, to the places they had 
left in the morning, each to seek its lair 



for repose. The deer in passing up and 
down these ravines, gave Mr. Kelly an 
opportunity for the full gratification of 
his ambition for game. It seemed to him 
so much like a hunter's paradise, that he 
returned to his old home, and induced 
two of his brothers, with their families 
and one or more other families among his 
acquaintances, to emigrate with him. 
More families continued to move into the 
country, and generally settled at long 
distances from each other, but the princi- 
pal settlement clustered around the Kel- 
ly's. 

By an act of the legislature, apjiroved 
Jan. 30, 1821, the county of Sangamon 
was formed by taking part from each of 
the counties of Bond and Madison. It 
embraced what are now the counties of 
Sangamon, Logan, Mason, Menard, Taze- 
well, Cass and parts of Morgan, Christian' 
McLean, Marshall, Woodford and Put- 
nam. 

By an act of Dec. 23, 1824, the bound- 
aries of the county were reduced, but it 
still extended to the Illinois river, and 
included the i:)resent counties of Sanga- 
mon and Menard, with parts of Chris- 
tian, Logan and Mason. 

By an act of the General Assembly, 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTUEING. 



11 



approved Feb. 15, 1839, the counties of 
Monard, Logan and Dane were established. 
The whole of Menard and a part of what 
is Logan, Mason and Dane, were taken 
from Sangamon, reducing it to the pres- 
ent limits. The name of Dane has since 
been changed to Christian. 

The act of Jan. 30, 1824, which provi- 
ded for organizing the county of Sanga- 
mon, created a board of three commis- 
sioners, whose first duty was declared to 
be the selection of a temporary seat of 
justice. The first meeting of the com- 
missioners, was held at the house of John 
Kelly, April 3, 1821. Without coming to 
a decision, the board adjourned to meet 
at the same place on the 10th of the 
month. Before their next meeting, by 
their investigations they became aware of 
the fact,that the Kelly neighborhood was 
the only place in all the county, large as 
it was, where enough families could be 
found in the vicinity of each other, to 
board and lodge the members of the 



court and those who would be likely to 
attend its sessions. The commissioners 
met pursuant to adjournment, on the 10th 
and fixed upon a location. In their re- 
port, after discussing the questions pro 
and con, with regard to the different 
localities, they came to the following con- 
clusion : "Therefore, we the undersigned, 
county commissioners, do certify that we, 
after full examination of the situation, of 
the present population of said county, 
have fixed and designated a certain point 
in the prairie, near John Kelly's field, on 
the waters of Spring creek, at a stake set, 
marked Z. P., as the temporary seat of 
justice for said county, and further agree 
that said county seat be known by the 
name of Springfield." The initials on 
the stake were doubtless, those of Zeoha- 
ria Peter, who was one of the commis- 
sioners and the first county surveyor. The 
first court ever held in the county, was at 
the house of John Kelly, and commenced 
May 1, 1821, just half a century ago. 



COURT HOUSES IN SANGAMON COUNTY. 



The point chosen for the new county 
buildings, is now the northwest corner of 
Jefferson and Second streets. A log Court 
House and Jail was built there in the 
latter part of 1821. The Court House 
was built under contract for $84 00. I 
fail to find that there was any Court 
House Ring formed, or that there were 
any persons about who were disappointed 
because they could not have a hand in 
spending the money, shouting steal ! 
steal ! 

An incident said to have occurred about 
this time, will illustrate the disposition 
of the early settlers to give an amusing 
turn to passing events. An attorney at 
the bar, violated the rules of decorum as 
understood by the Judge. His honor, 



ever bearing in mind the dignity of the 
court, ordered the lawyer to be arrested, 
and sent him to jail for a few hours. On 
repairing to the Court House next morn- 
ing, the Judge, attorneys and others, were 
surprised to find the court in session, be- 
fore the hour to which it had adjourned. 
A large calf was on the platform, usually 
occupied by the Judge, and a flock of 
geese, cooped uj} in the jury box. The 
attorney who had been in jail the day 
before, was inside the bar ; bowing first 
to the calf, and then to the geese ; he 
commenced his pleading, — "May it please 
the Court, and you gentlemen of the 
Jury." 

The $84 00 Court House did well for a 
time, but aristocratic feelings began to 



12 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



prevail, and we find the result in a con- 
tract, on file at the office of the County 
Clerk, made in September, 1835, for build- 
ing another Court House. Log buildings 
could be no longer tolerated, and this 
was to be a frame. The contract price 
was $449 00, but it was too big a thing 
to let it all in one contract, so the build- 
ing of the flues was let to another party 
for $70 GO, making a total of $519 00. 
The old log Court House was sold for 
$33 00. The new frame Court House 
was at the northeast corner of Adams and 
Sixth streets.opposite where the American 
House now stands. 

Only a few years elapsed until the 
frame Court house was thought to be in- 
adequate to the wants of the people. "We 
find it on record in the county archives 
that in February, 1830, the county court 
appointed three agents or commissioners 
to superintend the erection of a brick 
Court House. On the third of March, 
the commissioners reported to the court 
that they had entered into contracts with 
two parties. One for the brick work at 
$4,641, the other for the wood work at 
$3,300, making a total of $6,841. This 
edifice was completed early in 1831 and 
stood in the centre of the public square, 
where the State House now stands. This 
old Court House was a square building, 
two stories high, hip roof, with a cupola 
rising in the centre. 

From the time the brick Court House 
was erected, all the business of the town 
collected around the square. When 
Springfield was selected as the future 
Capital of the State in 1837, with a pledge 
to raise $50,000 to assist in building the 
State House, also to furnish the land upon 
which to place it, it was not an easy mat- 
ter to agree upon a location. If land was 
selected far enough from the existing 
business to be cheap, then the $50,000 
could not be raised ; those already in 
business around the square refused to 
contribute because the State House being 
so much larger and more attractive, would 
draw the lousiness after it, thus injuring 



the value of their property. After dis- 
cussing the question in all its bearings, it 
was found that .the only practicable way 
to settle the question was to demolish the 
Court House and use the square for the 
State House. Then those in business 
around it would contribute to the $50,- 
000 fund to the extent of their ability. 

The Court House was accordingly re- 
moved, early in 1837, and work on the 
State House commenced. This square, 
with the Court House and other build- 
ings on it, were valued at the time at 
about $10,000. 

Having thus summarily disposed of 
their Court House, and having engaged 
to do so much towards building the State 
House, the people of Sangamon Co. were 
unable to undertake the building of 
another. To supply the deficiency, the 
county authorities then rented a building 
that had ])een erected for a storehouse by 
the Hon. Ninian W. Edwards. This 
building at the west side of Fifth street, 
five doors north of Washington, was used 
as a Court House for about ten years. It 
still belongs to Mr. Edwards and is now 
receiving some additions and undergoing 
some alterations and repairs, in order to 
fit it up for a first-class business house. 

After the State House was built, the 
$50,000 paid, and the county emerged 
from the general wreck, accompanying 
the financial crash of 1887-8, Sangamon 
county once more began to take measures 
for erecting another Court House. In the 
month of February, 1845, a lot of ground 
was purchased at the southeast corner of 
Washington and Sixth streets, prepara- 
tory to building. April 33, 1845, a con- 
tract was made by the county commis- 
sioners for building the new Court House, 
according to plans and specifications pre- 
viously adopted. The new building was 
to cost $9,080, and to be paid for in 
county orders. It was completed accord- 
ing to contract and is yet used as the 
Court House of Sangamon county. 

In giving the prices paid for all these 
Court Houses, no attention has been given 



Its advantages mn MANUFAOTURINa. 



IS 



to the cost of the laud,, but the buildings 
only. 

This latter building will be used for 
the business of the county, until the com' 
pletion of the New State House, and the 
old one is vacated by the State, after 
which that will be the Court House of 
Sangamon county. 

FIRST SURVEY OF PUBLIC LANDS. 

The first survey of public lands in San- 
gamon county, took place in the year 
1821. Rev. John M. Peck, in his Pioneer 
History of Illinois, says that Springfield 
was laid out in February, 1822, referring 
no doubt to Calhoun, which was the name 
first given to the first plat of what 
is now a part of Springfield. It is in the 
northwestern part of the city. The first 
sale of public lands in Sangamon county, 
took place Nov. 7, 1823. At that sale the 
lands were purchased, upon which Cal- 
houn had been laid out. Four diflferent 
parties entered each a quarter, of as many 
sections, cornering together. The town 
plat of Calhoun was recorded December 
5, 1828. 

An act of the legislature, approved 
December 23, 1824, provided for fixing 
the boundary of the county, and named 
commissioners who should permanently 
locate the county seat. A proviso in the 
law forbid its being located unless at least 
thirty-five acres of land was donated on 
the spot. The commissioners assembled 
March 18, 1825, and confirmed the former 
location. Forty two acres were at once 
donated by Elijah lies and Pascal Enos 

Between the time of the temporary and 
permanent location of the county scat, at 
an election for members of the legislature, 
two opposing candidates went before the 
people, on the merits of two localities for 
the permanent county seat. I. 11. Pugh 
was the candidate for Springfield, and 
William S. Hamilton — a son of the great 



Alexander Hamilton — represented Sanga- 
mo, a beautiful site for a town, on the 
banks of the Sangamon river, about seven 
miles west, bearing a little north from 
Springfield. Mr. Hamilton was electedi 
but Pugh went to Vandalia as a lobby 
member and succeeded in having commis- 
sioners appointed who were favorable to 
Springfield. 

After fixing the location, the commis- 
sioners laid out the land that had been 
donated into lots, making the streets cor^ 
respond with those of Calhoun. The 
name of Calhoun soon ceased to be used' 
except in the conveyance of lots. 

FIRST LEGISLATION FOR SPRINGFIELD. 

The first legislation on the part of the 
State, with reference to Springfield was 
approved February 9, 1827. By this act 
the coart of county commissioners were 
required to appoint street commissioners 
for the town, and levy a tax for improv- 
ing the same. 

An act of the General Assembly, ap- 
proved February 12, 1831, was a general 
law for the incorporation of towns. April 
2, 1882, Springfield was incorporated 
under that law. October 18, 1832, the 
county court ordered a re-survey of the 
town, in order to adjust the discrepancies 
between the plats of Calhoun and Spring- 
field. The survey was made and ac- 
knowledged June 18, 1833, and recorded 
November 9, 1836. 

By the act of the General Assembly of 
Illinois, approved February 3, 1840, a 
city charter was granted to Springfield. 
This law provided for an election to be 
held on the first Monday in April, to adopt 
or reject the proposed charter. The elec- 
tion was held on the Gth day of the 
month and the charter was adopted. 
April 20, 1840, the first election was held 
for city officers. 



—3 



14 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



STATE CAPITOLS. 



The building which was used as a ter- 
ritorial capitol was a French structure, in 
the primitive style of architecture. Judge 
Caton, in his oration at the laying of the 
corner stone of the new State House, Oc- 
tober 5, 1868, described it by saying : 
"It was a rough building in the centre of 
a square in the village of Kaskaskia, the 
ancient seat of the western empire for 
more than one hundred and fifty years. 
The body of this building was of uncut 
limestone, the sables and roof of the gam- 
brel style, of unpainted boards and shin- 
gles, with dormer windows. The lower 
floor, a long, cheerless room, was fitted up 
for the House, whilst the Council sat in 
the small chamber above. This venera- 
ble building was, during the French oc- 
cupancy of the country, prior to 1763, the 
headquarters of the military command- 
ant. Thirty years ago the house was a 
mass of ruins, and to-day, probably, there 
is not a stone left to designate the spot 
where it stood." 

During the whole territorial existence 
of Illinois, the building just described 
v/as the Capitol, and the State Govern- 
ment was inaugurated there also. 

The State Constitution of 1818 required 
the General Assembly to petition Con- 
gress for a grant of land, upon which to 
locate the seat of government for the 
State. In the event of the prayer of the 
petitioners being granted, a town was to 
be laid out on said land, which town 
should be the seat of government for the 
State for twenty years. The prayer of the 
petitioners was granted. "At the session 
of 1819 in Kaskaskia, five commissioners 
were appointed to select the land appro- 
priated by Congress for the State Capi- 
tal." They made their selection further 



up the Kaskaskia river. The ground 
Pxed upon was covered with an exceed- 
ingly heavy growth of timber. Having 
agreed upon the place, the commissioners 
united their intellectual faculties in a 
gigantic effort to select a name that should 
be sufficiently high-sounding and eupho- 
nious to attract the attention of the whole 
country. Governor Ford, in his history 
of Illinois, gives the following humorous 
account of the way it was done: 

"Tradition says that a wag, who was 
present, suggested to the commissioners 
that the "Vandals" were a powerful na- 
tion of Indians, who once inhabited the 
banks of the Kaskaskia river, and that 
"Vandalia," derived from the name, 
would perpetuate the memory of that ex- 
tinct but renowned people. The sugges- 
tion pleased the commissioners, the name 
was adopted, and they thus proved that 
the cognomen of their new city — if they 
were fit representatives of their constitu- 
ents — would better illustrate the charac- 
ter of the modern than the ancient inhab- 
itants of the country." 

As soon as the town was laid out, the 
timber was cut away and a two story 
frame building erected, on the square set 
apart for the State Capitol. The edifice 
was placed on a rough stone foundation, 
in the centre of the square, and was of 
very rude workmanship. The lower floor 
was for the House of Representatives, and 
the upper divided into two rooms, the 
largest one for the Senate and the smaller 
for the ofiice of secretary of state. The 
auditor and treasurer occupied detached 
buildings. The archives of the State 
were removed from Kaskaskia to Vanda- 
lia in December, 1820. 

This wooden State House was burned 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING 



16 



aud a much larger one built of brick, on 
tlie same ground. The brick building is 
now used by Fayetto county as a Court 
House, Vandalia being the county seat. 

The rapidity with which emigration 
filled up the northern part of the 
State rendered it apparent, long be- 
fore the expiration of the time, that it 
would be necessary to move the Capital 
farther north, and as early as 1833 the 
question began to be agitated in the Gen- 
eral Assembly. 

From the time Sangamon county was 
organized and Springfield fixed as the 
county seat, it grew steadily though not 
raj)idly. Among the new comers there 
was an unusually large number of men of 
more than ordinary talents, many of whom 
afterwards acquired National distinction. 
Among these may be mentioned Abraham 
Lincoln, Stephen A. Douglas, E. D. Baker, 
and many others who arc yet living. 
When the question of relocating the Cap- 
itol came up, Sangamon county was very 
ably represented. 

In the Legislature of 1836-7 she had 
two Senators and seven Representatives, 
who were not only men of talents, but 
persistent workers. They were the most 
remarkable delegation from any one coun- 
ty to the General Assembly, for the reason 
that they were much taller than the aver- 
age of human stature. I have j ust learned 
from one of the number — Hon. Niuian 
"W. Edwards— who is yet living in this 
city, that some of them were a little 
less and some a little more than six 
feet, but that their combined height was 
exactly fifty-four feet. For this reason 
they were then and are yet spoken of as 
the "Long Nine." The names of those in 
the Senate were, *A. G. Ilerndon and Job 
Fletcher ; in the House, ^Abraham Lin- 
coln, Niuian W. Edwards, *John Dawson, 
*Andrew McCormick, *Dauiel Stone, W. 
F. Elkin and Robert L. Wilson. One or 
two were as tall, but none taller, than 
Abraham Lincoln, who was just six feet 



and two inches. Those marked with a 
star are all deceased. 

The removal of the Capital was a fore- 
gone conclusion. The members of the 
Legislature found much fault with Van- 
dalia, because they were fed almost en- 
tirely on prairie chickens and venison — 
very common articles of food at the time, 
although they are considered luxuries 
now ; but the law makers wanted some- 
thing better, or at any rate a change. 
Perhaps no other place would have done 
better ; but experience proves that when 
a body of Legislators wish to find fault 
with a town, it is easy to raise pretexts. 
There was, however, a real necessity for 
moving the seat of government further 
north, as the tide of emigration set 
steadily in that direction, and the 
means of travel were confined almost 
entirely to stage coaches and riding on 
horse back. 

The i^eople of Illinois were, at that 
time, almost crazy on the subject of inter- 
nal improvements. Not more than one 
in ten thousand of them had ever seen a 
railroad, but they had heard of them, and 
thought the prairies of Illinois the best 
place in the world to build them. Char- 
ters were granted for them in nearly all 
parts of the State. The "Long Nine" 
were a unit for securing the State Capi- 
tal, consequently did not jeopardize it 
by putting in claims for other improve- 
ments. The result was the passage of 
"An act permanently to locate the seat of 
government for the State of Illinois," 
which was approved at Vandalia, Febru- 
ary 25, 1837. This law provided for a 
joint session of the two houses on the 28th 
of the same month, to select a situation. 
An appropriation of fifty thousand dol- 
lars was made, to commence building the 
State House. The law also declared that 
no place should be chosen unless its citi- 
zens contributed at least $50,000 to aid 
in the work, and not less than two acres 
of land, as a site for the Capitol. When 
the two houses assembled on the 28th, it 



16 



6PKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



was decided that Springfield should be 
the permanent seat of government of the 
State of Illinois. 

"A sui3i)leuiental act was passed March 
3d, authorizing the commissioners of San- 
gamon county to convey the land, as a 
site for the new edifice, to the State. It 
also named three commissioners, who were 
authorized and instructed to superintend 
the work. It was expected that the new 
Capitol would be completed in time for 
the first meeting of the Legislature in 
Springfield, which was fixed for the spe- 
cial session of 1839-40. Finding that 
this could not be done, the Second Pres- 
byterian church, on Fourth street — the old 
building by the side of that in which the 
House of Representatives for 1871 trans- 
acted its business — was secured as Rep- 
resentative Hall, the Methodist church 
for the Senate Chamber, and the Episco- 
pal church for the Supreme court. The 
first was and is yet quite a commodious 
brick edifice ; the two latter, small, wood- 
en buildings, have long since disappeared 
as churches. The Legislature first con- 
vened at Springfield, in special session, 
December 9, 1839. 

OFFERS TO KELEASE SPRINGFIELD OP THE 
$50,000. 

It is worthy of remark just here that 
the clause requiring $50,000 to be paid 
by the town where the Capital should be 
located was inserted to secure the vote of 
one man. 

It was thought by many of the mem- 
bersto be unreasonable to require a little 
town of eleven hundred inhabitants, 
struggling with all the disadvantages of 
a new country — the privations of which 
cannot be realized by those living in 
these days of railroads — and no less a 
personage than the Hon. Stephen A. 
Douglas, then a member from Morgan 
county, proposed to bring in a bill be- 
fore the close of that session, releasing 
Springfield from the payment of the 
$50,000 pledged. The sterling honesty 
of Abraham Lincoln manifested itself 



here as on all other jjroiDcr occasions. 
He interposed his objections, although 
he felt that the ofi"er was made in good 
faith and with the most kindly feeling," 
but insisted that the money should be 
paid to the full extent. In this he was 
supported by every one of the " Long 
Nine." 

Arrangements were made to pay the 
money in three installments. The two 
first payments were m:.de without any 
great difficulty ; but the third one pres- 
sed more heavily, as the financial crash 
that swept over the whole United States, 
while the new State House was in course 
of construction, impoverished many. 
Under these circumstances it became ne- 
cessary to borrow the money, to make 
the last payment, from the State Bank of 
Illinois. 

THE NOTE OF ONE IIUNDUEO AND ONE 
CITIZENS. 

If any citizen of the State, visiting the 
city, would like to know how it was 
done, he can, by stei)piug into the Ridg- 
ley National Bank, see in a frame, over 
the outside desk, the original note, ma- 
king $1G,6C6 67, payable to the State 
Bank of Illinois, twelve months after 
date, with semi-annual interest, at the 
rate of six per cent, per annum until 
paid. It is dated March 22, 1838, and 
signed by one hundred and one citizens 
of Springfield. 

The money thus obtained was used in 
the purchase of Internal Improvement 
scrip or stock, which was paid into the 
State treasury. Thus the last install- 
ment of the $50,000 was paid in the 
State's own evidences of indebtedness. 

Many names are on this paper, of men 
whom the world have known only to 
love and respect. Here I find the names 
of E. D. Baker and A. Lincoln, as close 
together as it would be convenient to 
write them. I might name many more 
who have made their influence felt for 
the right and been honored in return. 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOIi MANUFAOTtTRING, 



17 



The first payment on this note wns 
$500 interest, Sept. 22, 1838, exactly six 
months from date. Then there are a 
great number of credits, the hist being 
April 23, 1844. By the time it was paid, 
principal and interesit amounted to nearly 
$18,000. Between the date of this note 
and the time it was paid, the State Bank 
of Illinois f\iiled, and its affairs went into 
liquidation. Some of the payments on 
the note were made in the depreciated 
paper of the Bank, for which it had re- 
ceived par value when it was paid out. 
This has been charged against Spring- 
field as a breach of good faith. The 
charge is entirely unjust. If one business 
man owes another money, and the credi- 
tor fails, it is considered both morally 
and legally right for the debtor to pay 
the creditor in his own paper, although 
it may be worthless in commercial trans- 
actions. Many of the men whose names 
Avere on the note, doubtless lost money 
by the failure of the bank, and it was 
no more than right that they should save 
themselves as far as possible in this trans- 
action; so I submit that the pledges of 
Springfield and Sangamon county were 
as faithfully redeemed as if all had been 
paid in gold. 

PUBLIC FESTIVAL. 

Early in 1837 a public festival was held 
in Springfield, in honor of the legislation 
for the removal of the Capital. Toasts 
and speeches followed the dinner. Among 
many others, I find the following, by 
Abraham Lincoln, Esq. : 

" All our Friends — They are too nu- 
merous to mention now, individually, 
while there is no one of them who is not 
too dear to be forgotten or neglected." 

Immediately following this Avas one by 
S. A. Douglas, Esq. 

" The last Winter's Legislation — May 
its results jirove no less beneficial to the 
whole State than they have to our town." 

There is a tradition here that some- 
thing stronger than water was used in 
drinking the toasts on that occasion, as 



no man could be found, after the festival, 
that could tell who made the last speech. 

LAYING CORNER STONE OV THE FIRST 
STATE HOUSE. 

Soon after the adjournment of the 
Legislature, the commissioners entered 
upon the discharge of their duties, and 
July 4, 1837, the corner stone was laid 
with grand civic and military demonstra- 
tions. After the corner stone had been 
lowered to its place in the wall, it was 
mounted by E. D. Baker — afterwards 
United States Senator, and the lamented 
Colonel of Ball's Bluff memory — who de- 
livered one of the most thrilling and 
eloquent speeches, for which he was so 
famous. It was estimated that the build- 
ing would cost 1130,000, but $240,000 
was expended before it Avas completed 
according to the original design. De- 
ducting the $50,000 paid by Springfield, 
leaves $190,000 as the cost of that build- 
ing to the State. 

When the State House was completed, 
it was looked upon with wonder and ad- 
miration by the people, who regarded it 
as a model of architectural beauty. It 
is built of lime stone, which is composed 
almost entirely of fossils. It was taken 
from a quarry seven or eight miles south 
of Springfield, and hauled by ox teams 
to the place selected for the building. 
The size of the edifice was thought to be 
so enormous that it would answer the 
purposes of the State for all time to come. 
It was, for the time, really a commodious 
and handsome building, but now it will 
make a very moderate Court House for 
Sangamon county. From the time the 
State House was built here, until the 
breaking out of the great rebellion, the 
growth of Illinois was beyond anything 
that the early settlers could have ima- 
gined. 

BUILDING THE LELANB HOTEL. 

Springfield, as the Capital, had not 
grown in anything like its due jjropor- 
tion to the State, but during the rebel- 
lion its growth was more rapid. At the 



18 



SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



close of the war, the hotel accommoda- 
tions of Springfield were inadequate to 
the demands of the public. In order to 
supply the deficiency, a joint stock com- 
pany was organized, and in 1866 the 
magnificent Leland Hotel was erected 
and furnished at a cost of $350,000. It 
was opened to the public, on the assem- 
bling of the Legislature, Jan. 1, 1867. 

MOVEMENTS FOR A NEW STATE nOUSE. 

For several years prior to this time, it 
was apparent to all business men and 
politicians, who had occasion to visit 
Springfield, that the building of a new 
State House could not be much longer 
delayed. The State had outgrown its 
public buildings so much that its records 
were unsafe, and many branches of its 
official business had to be transacted in 
rented buildings, where much of its valu- 
able property was exposed at all times to 
the dangers of destruction by fire. There 
began to be intimations thrown out tliat 
when the question did come up for leg- 
islation, other important towns would 
endeavor to bring influences to bear in 
favor of re-location and removal. 

These difficulties were foreseen and 
understood by the citizens of Springfield, 
and although it was felt to be an obstacle 
to the growth of the city, yet all seemed 
disposed to put off the evil day as long 
as possible. During the summer of 1866, 
Hon, J. C. Conkling became a candidate 
for a seat in the lower branch of the 
General Assembly, with the view of ma- 
king the question of building a new 
State House a prominent subject before 
the Legislature, if elected. Mr. Conkling 
went before the people upon this ques- 
tion and tlie politics of the day, and was 
elected, although his opjjonent was 
friendly to the move for a new State 
House also. The election was held in 
November, 1866. 

Hon. John S. Bradford was Mayor of 
Springfield at the time, and in conse- 
quence of the general feeling on the State 
House question, he, soon after the State 



election, sent out private invitations, to 
some forty or fifty of the most prominent 
business men, to meet him on a certain 
evening in a hall, named in the invita- 
tion. When they were assembled, Mayor 
Bradford was called on to ^jreside and 
state the object of the meeting. He in- 
formed them that it was to hold a con- 
sultation with reference to bringing the 
subject of building a new Capitol for the 
State, before the General Assembly, for 
its action at the approaching session. 
After the delivery of a brief address by 
the Mayor, a general interchange of views 
followed, when it was found that the 
feeling was almost unanimous in favor of 
action. By subsequent meetings and 
consultations with ;the board of Supervi- 
sors for Sangamon county and the city 
authorities of Springfield, those two or- 
ganizations were ready to purchase the 
old State House for the use of the county 
and city, in the event of the General As- 
sembly deciding to erect a new one. 

LAW PnOVIDlXG FOR BUILDING A NEW 
CAPITOL. 

Accordingly, Avhen the Legislature as- 
sembled, Mr. Conkling presented a bill 
providing for the erection of a new State 
Capitol at Springfield, and laid it before 
the House of Representatives early in 
the session. It was referred to the com- 
mittee oa public buildings; and after re- 
maining in their hands several weeks, 
during which tiuie some changes were 
made, the principal one being an increase 
of the amount to be paid for the old 
State House. It was reported back to the 
House, with the unanimous recommen- 
dation that it be adopted. It passed 
both Houses, and was approved by Gov. 
R. J. Oglesby, Feb. 25, 1867, with a sup- 
2>lcmentary act two days later. 

This law provided, first, for the convey- 
ance by the Governor, of the public 
square, containing two and a half acres 
of land, with the State House upon it, to 
Sangamon county and the city of Spring- 
field, in consideration of $200,000, to be 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOB MANUFACTURING. 



19 



paid to the State of lUihois, and for the 
further consideration that the city and 
county cause to be conveyed to the State 
a certain piece of land, described by 
metes and bounds, in the bill, and con- 
taining between eight and nine acres, 
upon which to erect the new State House. 
This bill also provides that the State 
shall have the use of the old State House 
until the new one is completed. The 
land was secured at a cost to the city of 
$70,000, and conveyed to the State ; the 
$200,000 was paid by the county, and 
that amount, with $250,000 more to be 
drawn from the State treasury, making 
$450,000, was appropriated to commence 
the work. 

It is proper here to state that the 
$200,000, paid nominally for the old 
State House, was really in consideration 
that a new one was to be built. The 
people of Sangamon county would now 
much prefer to re-convey it to the State, 
if they could have refunded the $200,000, 
with the $80,000 interest, that the money 
has been worth during that time ; then 
they could build a Court House much 
more to their liking, for a much smaller 
amount of money. 

It is a matter in which the people have 
a right to feel an honest pride, that while 
other towns and cities in different parts 
of the State have made liberal offers to 
secure the location of some State institu- 
tion, only to evade its provisions, and in 
the end leave the State to make up their 
deficiencies, Springfield and Sangamon 
county have redeemed every pledge they 
have made to the people of the State. 
Upon this subject they invite the closest 
scrutiny. 

In the law, seven men w'ere named as 
commissioners, to superintend the erec- 
tion of the new State House, and dis- 
burse the funds appropriated for that 
purpose. They were instructed to adver- 
tise for plans and specifications, for thirty 
days, in two daily papers each, in Spring- 
field and Chicago, and one each, in Phil- 



adelphia and New York. After waiting 
three months they were to notify the 
committees on public buildings as pro- 
vided by law, who were to tmite with 
the commissioners in adopting a design. 
The commissioners were to be governed 
by the plan so adopted, and the total 
cost of the building was not to exceed 
$3,000,000. March 5, 1867, they adver- 
tised "Notice to Architects," offering 
$3,000 to the architect whose design 
should be adopted for the new State 
House, and asking for plans and specifi- 
cations to be submitted for their inspec- 
tion. 

EFFORTS TO NULLIFY THE LAW AND THEIR 
FAILURE. 

A writ of quo warranto — or an in- 
quiry as to their right or authority to act 
— was issued against the commissioners, 
from the Superior Court of Chicago, May 
13, 1867, on the relation of Mathew Laf- 
liu, and judgment of ouster was entered. 
The commissioners appealed to the 
Supreme Court, and the decision was re- 
versed at Ottawa in September of that 
year. The commissioners having adver- 
tised for proposals before the commence- 
ment of the suit, and having named the 
15th of July as the time for inspecting 
the designs, and being deprived of the 
power to act by the decision of the 
Superior Court of Chicago, placed both 
themselves and architects in an awkward 
position. The Supreme Court, however, 
came to their relief by giving special per- 
mission to the commissioners to call to 
their assistance the committees on public 
buildings as provided by law, and the 
inspection took place as previously in- 
tended, on the 15th of July, in the Sen- 
ate Chamber at Springfield. A large 
number of designs were submitted to 
their inspection, and after mature delib- 
eration, that presented by J. C. Cochrane 
of Chicago, was adopted. 

The commissioners being compelled to 
remain inactive until after the meeting 



20 



BPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



of the Supreme Court in September, it 
was too late in the season to do anything 
more than prepare for active business 
the next year. Their first act after the 
decision of the Supreme Court reinstating 
them, was on the 8th of November, when 
they issued an advertisement for sealed 
proposals to do the excavating, and fur- 
nish certain descrii^tions of stone. 

January 14, 1868, John C. Cochrane 
Tvas appointed architect and superintend- 
ent, and a contract entered into for that 
purpose. January 18, a contract was 
made with N. Strott, of Springfield, for 
the excavation ; and January 20th, with 
R. W. McClaughry & Co., of Hancock 
county, for stone to build the foundation. 
Broken stone for concrete was purchased 
ready delivered, of J. J. & W. H. Mitch- 
ell, of Alton. March 25th, a contract 
was made with Barnard & Gowen, of 
Chicago, to do the mason work. 

MAGNITUDE OF THE WOEK, 

The magnitude of the enterprise may 
be inferred from the fact that the parties 
who furnished the foundation stone, gave 
security in the penal sum of $550,000 for 
the performance of contract, and those 
who do the mason work a jjenal sum of 
$200,000. Excavating was commenced 
early in the spring, but owing to the ex- 
cessive rains, the ground was not in a 
proper condition to commence laying 
stone until June 11, 1868. From that 
time until cold weather put a stop to it, 
the work was prosecuted vigorously, and 
a part of the foundation was brought to 
a level with the surface during the month 
of September. 

LAYING CORNER STONE. 

The Grand Master of Masons for the 
State of Illinois was invited by the com- 
missioners to assemble the craft for the 
purpose of laying the corner stone ( f the 
New State House, with the imposing 
ceremonials of the order. The invitation 
was accepted, and October 5 set ajjart as 
the time at which it was to take place. 



A stone was prepared, eight feet long, 
four feet wide and three feet deep, with 
a recess for receiving such articles as it 
was thought desirable to deposit. A 
catalogue of them would fill one of these 
pages. 

The day was bright and cheerful, and 
the procession the largest that had ever 
been seen at the capital of the State, ex- 
cept at the obsequies of President Lin- 
coln in May, 1865. Masons were present 
from all parts of the State, of all degrees, 
from Master Mason to Knight Templar. 
After the corner stone had been tested 
by the implements of the order, and pro- 
nounced well formed, true and trusty, it 
was placed in its proper position at the 
northeast corner of the building. An 
eloquent oration was then delivered by 
the Hon. John D. Caton, of Ottawa. 
The ceremonials having closed, the craft 
and others present were called from labor 
to refreshment, and all repaired to the 
"Rink" to partake of a sumptuous colla- 
tion prepared by the Lelands. After 
dinner the multitude dispersed to their 
homes, to treasure up the memories of 
the day as one of the most pleasant way- 
marks of their lives. 

DBSCEIPTION OF THE NEW STATE nOUSE. 

Without regard to such technicalities 
as. would be pleasing to architects, 
I shall endeavor to describe the edifice, 
in such language as will be most easily 
understood by the common reader. The 
ground plan is in the form of a great 
cross, and the superstructure is in the 
style called the classic order of architec- 
ture. It so blends the ancient and mod- 
ern art of building as to secure the great- 
est strength and solidity and yet preserve 
an exterior appearance so light and airy 
as to be very pleasant to the eye. The 
grand outlines are, total length from 
north to south, 359 feet, exclusive of 
the porticos, which adds twenty feet to 
each end. From east to west it is 266 
feet, with twenty feet additional in the 
grand portico at the east end, which is 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURIKG. 



21 



the principal front. There is an ex- 
cavation under ground of ten feet 
depth, throughout the entire area. 
It is designed by the architect for 
the heating apparatus, tlie storage of 
fuel and other heavy articles. So 
much of the floor as is used, is to be 
covered with concrete. 

The next above this is the first 
stokt; it is nineteen feet high, and 
entirely above ground. The floor of 
this story is supported by brick 
arches ; and in the halls the arches 
are double, one being two feet below the 
other, to form viaducts to su2:)ply the 
rooms with fresh air. A layer of con- 
crete covers the entire area of the arches, 
and upon this, imbedded in cement, is 
laid the marble floors throughout. 

On this floor we find private rooms for 
the Judges of the Supreme Court and 
committee rooms. The largest portion 
of this floor is devoted to the storage of 
stationery, printing paper, and all arti- 
cles connected with or used in any other 
part of the building. One of these rooms 
is for the storage of Geological speci- 
mens, and another for geological artists. 
One or more is for the Adjutant Gene- 
ral's office and museum. This story, in 
addition to the windows on all sides, is 
lighted by a glass ceiling in the centre, 
which forms the floor of the Rotunda 
above. 

Above this is the peencipal story, 
which is twenty-two feet and a half 
from floor to ceiling. On this floor is 
the Main Corridor, runniug the entire 
length of the building from north to 
south, and the Grand Corridor crossing 
it at right angles under the dome, and 
extending across the building from east 
to west. The Main Corridor is 359 feet 
long, twenty-four feet wide and twenty- 
two and a half feet high. 

The sides of the Main Corridor will be 
finished with marble pilasters projecting 
from the walls, thus forming panels. The 




View of the Nen- State House, 
entire walls on both sides, consisting of 
pilasters with their caps and bases, pan- 
els and their borders, and door finish, are 
all to be of variagated marble, and the 
ceiling to be frescoed. The Grand Cor- 
ridor, extending from the east portico to 
the Grand Stairway in the western 
wing, is so called in consideration of 
its great width — thirty-two feet — and 
because the pilasters are more massive 
and the finish more elaborate than in the 
Main Corridor. 

The rooms on the floor described are 
to be used as follows : Governor's recep- 
tion and private rooms ; office of the 
Secretary of State ; of the Treasurer of 
State, and of the ^.uditor of Public Ac- 
counts ; Superintendent of Public In- 
struction ; Superintendent of Public In- 
struction's library ; law library ; State 
document library; Attorney General's 
office ; supreme court room ; supreme 
court clerk's office ; four massive stone 
fire-proof vaults, and the State Treasu- 
rer's burglar-proof safe. The State Geol- 
ogist's museum, is just over the State 
Geologist's store room in the first story, 
with which it is connected by a private 
stairway ; State Geologist's office. With 
all these, there are the necessary water 
closets, wash rooms, private offices, and 
the Grand Stairway which leads to the 
story above. This flight is to be made of 
Tennessee marble, the steps each sixteen 
feet long. 

The floors of this story are supported 



22 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



by wrought irou beams, properly braced 
with angle irons, all well secured with 
rivets. The spaces between the wrought 
iron beams are filled with brick arches, 
the whole of which is covered with con- 
crete, having wooden strips imbedded, 
to hold the wooden floors, in the rooms 
only. The floors in the halls and corri- 
dors are all marble, chequered by alter- 
nate squares of diflFerent colors. 

The jjrincipal entrance is at the east 
side, by an immense flight of stone steps, 
seventy-three feet wide, landing in a 
Grand Portico. 

"We will ascend the front steps, enter 
the east portico, pass along the Grand 
Corridor, over the glass floor in the ro- 
tunda, and continue west, to the foot of 
the grand stairway, which we ascend, to 
half the height of the story, then turn 
about, either to the right or left, and 
ascend to the second principal stoey. 
The floor of this story is constructed 
exactly as the one described below. Keep 
in mind that the entire edifice retains 
the form of a grand cross — first story, 
principal story, and second principal 
story. It is the floor of the latter on 
which we are now standing. 

This story is forty-five feet from floor 
to ceiling. Let us enter the north angle 
or arm of the cross. Here we find the 
Senate Chamber, sixty-two by seventy- 
five feet, with the desk of the j)residing 
ofiicer at the north side. In the extreme 
north end of this wing, we find rooms 
properly arranged for the speaker, chief 
lerk, enrolling and engrossing clerks, 
sergeant at-arms, post office, and folding 
room ; with corridors on the east and 
west sides. 

We will now pass out south, around 
the rotunda, and across the corridor into 
the Hall of the House of Representatives, 
in the southern angle of the building. 
This hall is sixty-six by one hundred 
feet, with speaker's desk at the west 
side. The desks here, as in the Senate 



5 

Chamber, are in a semi-circular form. 
Here we find, under somewhat diflFerent 
arrangements, rooms attached, for the 
same offices as those connected with the 
Senate Chamber. In both halls there are 
cloak rooms,wash rooms and water closets 
conveniently attached. Both are lighted 
in the day time, principally through the 
roof. 

The east wing has rooms for the Canal 
Commissioners, and committee rooms, 
with cloak and other necessary rooms at- 
tached. Between these rooms and the 
rotunda there is a lobby 26 x 104 feet, 
extending across the wing from north to 
south. 

The west wing has rooms for the State 
library, the librarian, a reading room, 
and an audience room each, for the Senate 
and House of Representatives. 

The Senate Chamber and Representa- 
tives Hall have each a gallery, extending 
around three sides, half way from floor 
to ceiling. A portion of the gallery in 
each house is set apart for the use of re- 
porters of the press. On a level with the 
galleries, a floor extends over all the of- 
fice rooms connected with both houses, 
the Governor's rooms, State library, re- 
ception rooms, and all except the two 
legislative halls. This floor is divided 
into a great number of small rooms, for 
the use of committees of both houses, and 
is designated the Gallery Stoky. 

To impress it on the mind, I will here 
recapitulate, that the body of the edifice 
above ground consists of the First Story, 
Principal Story, Second Principal 
Story, and Gallery Story. 

The roof on all the wings is of the 
Mansard style, covered with slate on the 
sides and copper on top. Above all this 
rises the stately Dome, surmounted by a 
lantern with a ball on the pinnacle, 320 
feet from the natural surface of the earth, 
being forty-three feet higher than the 
Capitol at Washington. The lantern is 



ITS ADVANTAGES F .U MANUFACTURING. 



sixteen feet wide, and t\tenty-four feet 
from bottom to top. The frame work is 
of iron and the sides of glass. The floor 
of the hmtern will be 280 feet al)ove the 
surface of the earth. An iron stairway as- 
cending inside the Dome, will aflbrd access 
to the lantern. The means of communi- 
cating between the Basement Story and 
the Legislative Halls Vr'ill be by the Grand 
Stairway and two other public and three 
private stairways. 

In addition to this there will be two 
steam hoisting apparatus or elevators, by 
means of which persons can ascend or 
descend, from one to another of the floors, 
by simply stepping on and oft' a platform. 

For heating and ventilating the build- 
ing, there will be ten boilers, forty-eight 
inches in diameter and twelve feet long. 
A steam engine of twenty horse power will 
be used for running the elevator and a 
fan twelve feet in diameter, to produce 
sufiicient circulation of air to ventilate 
the building in a proj^er manner. There 
will be 103,500 lineal feet of pipe, used 
to conduct the steam to all parts of the 
building. 

The principal material used in the edi- 
fice is cut stone. Of this there will be 
nearly three-quarters of a million cubic 
feet, including the foundation. About 
one-half of the stone is finely dre-ssed or 
planed. This does not include the mar- 
ble, of which there is an enormous quan- 
tity. In addition to the stone in the 
walls there will be about twenty millions 
of brick. Of wrought iron there will be 
2,414,101 pounds, or 1,207 tons; and ol" 
cast iron 3,673,456 pounds, or l,836i^ 
tons. 

The Rotunda is 76 feet in diameter. 
From the glass floor, where the Grand and 
Main corridors cross each other, to the 
fresco painting, just beneath the Dome, 
it will be 217 feet without any obstruc- 
tion to the view whatever. 

The three Porticos, v.t the north, south, 
and cast sides, are to have ten columns, 
each. These columns are to be 45 feet 



high, without the plinth block, which is 
four feet high. The base and cap pieces 
are to be cut separate ; the two make nine 
feet of the height. Deduct this from 
forty-flve, leaves thirty-si.x feet as the 
heighth and lour and a half feet diame- 
ter, as the dimensions of the columns. 
Thirty of these are to be cut in single 
pieces each, from stone in the quarry — if 
any such can be found. 

Let us take our position in front of the 
east Portico. It is ninety feet wide. 
From each of the front corners rises a tur- 
ret, to the heighth of 132 feet. That on 
the right, or to the north, is to be sur- 
mounted by a statue of Lincoln, and the 
one on the left, or to the south, by a sta- 
tue of Douglas. This, as I have already 
stated, is the Principal Front or entrance. 

I have thus described, from the work- 
ing drawings and the book of specifica- 
tions of Cochrane & Piqueuard, superin- 
tending architects, the merest outline of 
the new Capitol of Illinois, now in course 
of construction, as it will appear when 
completed. Let us sec what has been 
done towards carrying out the designs 
laid down on the trestle board. 

WORK COMPLETED. 

The excavation for the foundation on 
which the great Dome is to rest, is 25 
feet below the natural surface of the 
ground, and at the bottom is a solid ledge 
of stone. The area is circular, and is 
921^ feet in diameter. The foundation 
was commenced by covering the entire 
space, to an average depth of six feet, with 
concrete, that is, broken stone, cement, 
clean, sharp sand, and water. This con- 
crete receives the heavy stone walls of 
an average of 17 feet in thickness, till 
brought to a level with the first floor, 
which is 24 feet above the concrete. 
These walls are not made of heavy stone 
on the outside and filkd in with small 
ones, but they are all large — some of them 
two, three, and four tons weight, each. 
Thinkof the thickness of the walls, stand- 
ing on a solid ledge of limestone, and 



^4 



SPRINOFifiLD, ILLINOIS, AND 



perhaps you can comprebeud their solid- 
ity. 

The excavation for the outer walls, 
around the entire building, is twelve feet 
beneath the surface and nine feet wide. 
The walls are commenced with two feet 
depth of concrete all over the bottom. 
They are eight feet and eight inches wide 
at the bottom, and run up, with offsets, 
to six feet three inches at the ground line. 
Parts of the walls are seven feet nine 
inches at the bottom, tapered to five feet 
four inches ; and yet other portions ten 
feet and eleven inches at the bottom, and 
eight feet six inches at the top or natural 
surface of the ground. The stones in all 
the foundation are large ; not a single one 
is put in place by hand— they are all 
moved by steam derricks. One of these 
machines will take a stone of many tons 
weight, lift it from the ground, swing it 
to its place on the wall, and lay it down 
as easy and gently as a child would take 
a peach from the floor and lay it on a table. 

The foundation was commenced by lay- 
ing the first stone June 11, 1S68, and fin- 
ished in August, 1869. This includes the 
foundation for the Dome, and the outer 
walls around the entire building, 266 by 
359 feet, with all the buttresses on the out- 
side, and the in^de walls and piers. The 
superstructure to rise on these walls is to 
be of heavy stone, with brick back'ng. To 
the top of the First Story, which is 
twenty-five feet above the ground line, 
they uro five feet thick. All the icalls 
are now completed to that height. Viewed 
from all sides now, it begins to disclose 
its vast proportions. 

From the tojj of the basement story to 
the cornice, sixiy feet, the walls are to 
be four feet thick. The brick backing 
is so constructed as to make them hollow, 
for the purpose of keeping the interior 
dry. 

W. D. Clark is the assistant superin- 
tendent, under the architects. He has 
done the civil engineering also, having 
set every stake and laid every line. 



A great outcry has been made by some 
jiarties that the work was defective. 
Those who make such charges are either 
ignorant of what they say or write, or 
they have some less worthy object in view 
than to subserve the interests of the State. 
To those who know Mr. Clark, such a 
charge seems utterly absurd. They would 
be no more surprised to hear that he had 
put his hand in the fire without an ob- 
ject, than to learn that he had permitted 
a piece of defective material or workman- 
ship to enter into the construction of the 
edifice. 

The entire outer surface of the build- 
ing, below the Mansard, will be planed 
Illinois limestone. It is taken from the 
quarries near Joliet. By a law, enacted 
in 1869, the work of preparing the stone 
is confined to the convicts in the State 
penitentiary. The contractors have, at 
all times, promptly discharged their ob- 
ligations. 

EPITOME OF THE LEGISLATION FOR THE 
NEW STATE HOUSE. 

The laws of February 25 and 27, 1867, 
to provide for the erection of a new State 
House, appropriated $450,000 to begin 
the work ; declared that the total cost 
should not exceed $3,000,000 ; named 
seven commissioners and one secretary to 
carry out the law ; limited the amount of 
expenditures and liabilities they should 
incur within the amount appropriated; 
and delared that everything in excess of 
that should be deemed unlawful. 

Laws of March 11 and 27, 1869, legis- 
lated the seven commissioners and secre- 
tary out of office; provided for the ap- 
pointment of three commissioners, by the 
Governor ; ordered that all stone, iron 
and labor for the new State House that 
could be procured at the penitentiary, at 
Joliet, should be obtained there, and at 
no other place ; required the new com- 
missioners to have a full copy of plans, 
specifications and estimates, made in de- 
tail ; and when completed, to notify the 
committees of the Senate and House of 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTUKING. 



25 



Representatives on public buildings and 
State library. And said committee were 
instructed to hold a joint session, to ex- 
amine the plans, specifications and esti- 
mates ; and in the event of their being 
satisfied that the building could be com- 
pleted within the limit of $3,000,000, in 
addition to what had already been ex- 
pended, they were to order the commis- 
sioners to proceed ; appropriated $650,- 
000, to be used in carrying forward the 
work on the new State House, but pro- 
hibited the use of it until the above eon- 
ditions were complied with. 

Under the law of March 11, 18G9, Go- 
vernor Palmer appointed Jacob Bunu, 
James C. Robinson and James H. Beve- 
ridge, as commissioners to continue the 
work of constructing the new State 
House. The board organized April 12, 
1869, by electing Jacob Bunn, president, 
and James H. Beveridge, secretary. The 
commissioners at once caused detailed 
plans, specifications and estimates for 
continuing the work on the new State 
House, to be prepared by the superin- 
tending architects. They notified the 
committees of the Senate and House of 
Representatives, and a joint session was 
held in the Senate Chamber at Spring- 
field, April 27, 1869, and a copy of the 
plans aud specifications was laid before 
them. At a meeting of the committees, 
on the 12th of May, it was 

" Resolved, That the State House com- 
missioners be and they hereby are au- 
thorized to complete the foundation of 
the new State House under existing con- 
tracta, and to expend the balance of the 
appropriation first made, or as much 
thereof as may be necessary for the pur- 
pose." 

The work was commenced immediately, 
and the foundation completed early in 
August, as previously stated. 

The total estimates of the superintend- 
ing architects, submitted with plans and 
specifications, amounted to $2,650,885. 
The joint committee deeming it advisa- 



ble to have the opinions of parties who 
were not interested, called to their as- 
sistance Augustus Bauer and Asher Car- 
ter, architects, and W. C. Deakman, mas- 
ter builder, all of Chicago, and had them 
make an estimate in detail, according to 
the same plans and specifications, and 
their estimate was $2,737,940 86 — no 
greater difterence in proportion than two 
builders would make on almost any piece 
of work. 

The joint committee did not complete 
their investigations until August 26, 
1869. They then ordered the commis- 
sioners to go forward with the work ac- 
cording to the plans and si:)ecifications, 
with certain alterations recommended by 
the superintending architects and master 
builder. They publicly expressed the 
belief that it could be finished within 
the $3,000,000, and that " when comple- 
ted it would be a beautiful, convenient 
and permanent structure, worthy of the 
State." 

Thus the best part of another season 
passed away with such hindrances as 
prevented the commissioners from prose- 
cuting the work as energetically as they 
desired to do. 

The Convention called by the people 
of Illinois, for the purpose of framing a 
new Constitution for the State, recog- 
nized the facts that the Capitol had been 
permanently located at Springfield by 
legal authority, and that a positive law 
required the work of all State officers 
and all legislative enactments to be done 
at Si^ringfield, as the Capital ; and that 
laws had been passed by two previous 
legislatures, making large appropriations 
of money for building a new edifice in 
which to transact the business of the 
State ; and that a design had been adop- 
ted on a scale of grandeur aud magnifi- 
cence in proportion to its weatlh and in- 
fluence, deemed it wise to insert a clause 
in the new Constitution to guard against 
abuses too often practiced in connection 
with works erected at public expense. 



26 BPRINGWELD, ILLINOIS, AND 

The Constitutional Convention, there- senting votes. In the House of Repre- 

fore, inserted under the miscellaneous sentatives it was read a first and second 

head, the following : time, and ordered to a third reading, but 

Section 33. The General Assembly was not reached in the regular order of 
shall not appropriate out of the State business, when the Legislature adjourned 
treasury, or expend on account of the temporarily, on the 17th of April, 
new Capitol grounds, and construction, The sessions of the General Assembly 
completion and furnishing of the State being biennial, each alternate year brings, 
House, a sum exceeding, in the aggre to a large extent, a new class of men to- 
gate, three and a half millions of dollars, getker in the legislative halls. The pub- 
inclusive of all appropriations heretofore lie has been so accustomed to hear of 
made, without first submitting the pro- fraud in connection with buildings of 
position lor an additional expenditure to this kind, that men coming for the first 
the legal voters of the State, at a general time, and looking upon the collossal pro- 
election, nor unless a majority of all the portions of this edifice, take it for grant- 
votes cast at such election shall be for ed that there must be jobs and pccula- 
the proposed additional expenditure." tions, and without investigating the sub- 

.rn-.i.!. XI- •• -4.1 ^ rt^r, ject, there are always some who are ready 

With this provision m the new Con- •> ' -^ . . ^.x i . ox i . 

,., ,. ., , -xx J X XI ^,,i„ to cry out. Kings Rings Steals ! Steals I 

stitution, it was submitted to the people •' ' ° ^ , 

T 1 <^ ^ orr. J ;i I. 1 1, ^„^,. By these devices, one of the two years 

July 3, 1870, and adopted by an over- •' , . , ' . , , , "; 

. ... connected with each Legislature has been 

frittered away from the commencement, 

The appropriation of Feb. 25, 1867, ^^^ ^^.^ ^^^^^. ^^ ^^.^^^ ^^^^^ destined 

was $450,000, and that of March 11, 1869, ^o continue. From this cause the year 

$650,000, making a total of $1,100,000. ^g^^ ^^^ ^^^ of inactivity ; in 1868 work 

The expenditures have been as follows: .^^g jjo^g . i869 was one of idleness ; 1870 

From beginning to Dec. 30, 1868 5354,12612 ^ork, and 1871 is likely to be one of 

FromDec. 30, 1868, to March 11, 1869.... 16,6o7 07 . , ' , ■' 

idleness also. 

Total exDenditnres by first board of ~i • • t i t» t 

Beven commissioners $370,783 19 The commissioners, Jacob Bunn, James 

The board of three commissioners ap- C. Robinson and James H. Beveridge, 

pointed ])y Governor Palmer, under the have passed through two years of inves- 

law of March 11, 1869, have carried the tigation out of the four since the work 

work forward, and their expenditures— commenced ; and in each instance have 

To Nov 30.1369, was $156,87676 emerged from the ordeal without the 

From Not. 3u, 1869, to Nov. 30, 1870 277,543 13 ^^^^^^ ^f five upon their garments. Should 

From Nov. Su, 187u, to Feb. 1, 1871 77.918 79 r- 

• the present year prove to be one of mac- 
Total to Feb. i, 1871 $883,12187 ^. .-^ ., ... , J- IX J? XI, • A 

From Keb. 1 lo April 14. 1871 53,096 91 tivity, it Will be no fault ot theirs ; and 

Due for iron on the way from Belgium. . 1-2,895 30 ^j^^jj, ^^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ly vindication 

Total.... $949,11408 t)j(,y need, concerning which they take 

There is due on existing contracts, for pleasure in giving all the information in 

materials and for work, enough to bring their power. 

the total expenditure up to about $1,000,- The following quotation from the law, 

000, leaving about $100,000 of the ap- which has been strictly complied with in 

propriation of 1869 unexpended. every particular, is a sufficient refutation, 

Early in the session of the General As- ia the estimation of all honest men, of 

sembly, which convened Jan. 4, 1871, a the ridiculous charge that Mr. Bunn is 

bill was introduced in the Senate, ajj- using the money appropriated for build- 

propriating $600,000 to carry on the ing the State House, in his banking 

work of the new State House. It passed business : 

that body by a very small number of dis- " The accounts of the expenditures of 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR* MANUFACTURING. 



27 



said commissioners shall be certified by 
said commissioners, or a majority of 
them, and hj the Secretary of State, and 
approved hj the Governor. The Auditor 
shall thereupon draw his warrant upon 
the Treasurer therefor, to be paid out of 
the fund herein before provided, in favor 
of the party to ichom the accounts shall be 
due." 

It will thus be seen that Mr. Bunu, 
like all other citizens, cannot recei\e a 
dollar of the State House money, except 
for services rendered or materials fur- 
nished, and then only when his bill is 
allowed by his associates in office, certi- 
fied by the Secretary of State and ap- 
proved by the Governor. 

It will not be considered exaggeration 
by any man who has honestly endeavored 
to obtain correct information on the sub- 
ject, for me to say that the work on the 
new State House has been as well done, 
and the duties of all connected with it 
as faithfully discharged, as they have 
been with any similar undertaking on 
the American continent 

It will be such a magaifi^ient structure 
and so well adapted to the uses for which 
it is designed, that the people can aiford 
to be patient. The work is now about 
one'-third done, and if this should prove 



to be the last year of idleness, it may yet 
be completed in time to use it in cele- 
brating the first centennial of American 
Independence. It will be well worthy 
of such a christening. 

Farmers, mechanics and otlier laboring 
men — you who do not often leave your 
homes for a gala day— you will all want 
to visit the Capitol, at the dedication of 
the monument to the memory of Abra- 
ham Lincoln, for which will take place 
some time during the coming autumn. It 
will not be possible for all to come, but 
those who do, should give themselves 
time to examine the work on the new 
State House also; then you will under- 
stand the cupidity of those who are en- 
deavoring to have its massive walls torn 
down and carted over the State, in order 
to fill their own pockets at your expense. 

. PROCLAMATION BY THE GOVEENOK. 

Since the above was written, Governor 
Palmer has issued a proclamation, con- 
vening the Legislature on the 24th of 
this month — May. In that proclamation 
he enumerates thirteen subjects requiring 
immediate action on the part of the Gen- 
eral Assembly. An appropriation for 
continuing the work on the new State 
House is one of the subjects named. 



28 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



EARLY HISTORY OF RAILROAD LEGISLATION IN ILLINOIS. 



Illinois appears to have been destined. 
to become a great railroad State, from 
the time they were introduced into the 
country. Her law-makers did not wait 
for them to come by connecting links, 
from the Atlantic, coast, but moved in 
the matter independent of the States be- 
tween her and the eastern seaboard. 

As early as 1833 the subject of build- 
ing railroads was introduced into the 
General Assembly, but no laws were 
enacted at that time. The first move 
was a bold one, when we consider the 
limited amount of capital in the country 
and that the resources of the State were 
almost entirely undeveloped. It was : 

An act to incorporate the Chicago and 
Vincennes Railroad Company, with an 
authorized capital of $3,000,000. It was 
approved January 17, 1835. Charters 
were granted in something like the fol- 
lowing order : 

An act to incorporate the Jacksonville 
and Meredosia Railroad Company, capi- 
tal stock $100,000, with a clause permit- 
ting the directors to double the amount, 
also to build a lateral road to Naples, 
was approved by the Governor, Feb. 5, 
1835. 

An act to incorporate the Belleville 
and Mississippi Railroad Company, with 
an authorized capital of $200,000, was 
approved Dec. 28, 1835. 

The Winchester, Lynnville and Jack- 
sonville Railroad Company was chartered 
with an authorized capital of i?300,000, 
Jan. 8, 1836. 

An act to incorporate the Pekin and 
Tremont Railroad Company, with an 
authorized] capital of $150,000, was ap- 
proved Jan. 13, 1836. 

The Warsaw, Peoria and Wabash Rail- 



road Company, with a capital of 
000, was chartered Jan. 14, 1836. 

The Wabash and Mississippi Railroad 
Company, with an authorized capital of 
$3,000,000, and the privilege of increas- 
ing the amount to $5,000,000, was char- 
tered Jan. 15, 1836. 

Separate bills, incorporating eight 
railroad companies, under the following 
titles, were approved Jan. 16, 1836 : 

1. Pekin, Bloomington and Wabash 
Railroad Company. Capital, $500,000. 

3. Mississippi, Springfield and Carrol- 
ton Railroad Company Capital, $800,- 
000, with authority to increase it indefi- 
nitely. 

3. Alton, Wabash and Erie Railroad 
Company. Capital, $3,000,000. 

4. Central Wabash Railroad Company. 
Capital, $50 000. 

5. Galena and Chicago Union Railroad 
Company. Capital, $100,000. 

6. Mount Carmel and Aiton Railroad 
Company. Capital, $1,000,000. 

7. Waverly and Grand Prairie Rail- 
road Company. Capital, $500,000. 

8. Rushville Railroad Company. Cap- 
ital, $150,000. 

After a respite of two days, bills were 
passed and approved, on the 18th of the 
month, chartering four more companies : 

1. The Alton and Shawneetown Rail- 
road Company. Capital, $500,000, with 
authority to inci'ease it to $1,500,000. 

2. The Shawneetown and Alton Rail- 
road Company. Capital, $1,000,000, with 
authority to increase indefinitely. 

3. Wabash and Mississippi Railroad 
Company. Capital, $400,000. 

4. Illinois Central Railroad Company. 
Capital, $2,500,000. 

I presume the object in granting char- 



ITS AD VANTAGES Fuli MANUFAOTURINQ, 



29 



ters to two companies between Alton and 
Shawneetowu was, that one might begin 
at each end and work until they met, 
similar to the Central Pacific and Union 
Pacitie. 

The Caledonia Railroad Company, 
with an authorized capital of $300,000, 
was chartered Jan. 21, 1836. 

Each and every company were author- 
ized to lay either single or double tracks, 
and to propel their cars by steam, ani- 
mals or any mechanical power. On 
some of the roads the rate of toll was 
fixed, and provisions made for all per- 
sons to run their own vehicles, under 
regulations similar to those for boating 
oa canals. 

CANALS. 

Canals received the attention of the 
law-makers also. An act was passed and 
approved Feb. 10, 1835, authorizing the 
State to construct the Illinois and Mich- 
igan Canal, in which the Governor was 
authorized and directed to negotiate 
a loan of $500,000, to commence the 
work. 

January 9, 1836, the foregoing law was 
repealed, and with some alterations was 
re-enacted. That, with the amendments 
subsequently added, was the authority 
under which the canal was built. 

About this time laws were enacted for 
building lialf a dozen other canals, but 
no work was ever done on them. 

INTEIINAL IXIPROVKMENT ACT. 

The railroad laws of 1835 and '36 were 
never of more value than so much waste 
paper, for there was never a mile of road 
built under their authority ; but from 
subsequent events it would appear that 
the people were only practicing in order 
to learn how to make laws. The most 
remarkable act ever passed by a legisla- 
tive body in the State, was approved 
Feb. 27, 1837. It was entitled "An act 
to establish and maintain a general sys- 
tem of internal improvements." Two 
supplementary acts were apjDroved March 
4, 1837. The three acts arc comprised in 
5 — 



sixty-three sections, and iill thirty-two 
octavo pages. The object was to con- 
struct public improvements, in all parts 
of the State, at the expense of the State. 
A board of three Fund Commissioners 
was created, to manage the finances ; 
also, a Board of Public Works, consist- 
ing of seven commissioners. The latter 
board was authorized to employ engi- 
neers, who were to lay out and superin- 
tend all public works. The board was 
authorized and required to adopt such 
measures as might be necessary to con- 
struct and complete within a reasonable 
length of time the following works. 
The amount of money named in connec- 
tion with each one, was appropriated 
from the State treasury to defray the 
expense : 

1. The improvement of the navigation 
of the Great Wabash River, $100,000 ; 
provided a similar amount was expended 
for the same purpose, by the State of 
Indiana. 

2. The improvement of the navigation 
of the Illino'is River, $100,000. 

3. The improvement of the navigation 
of Rock River, $100,000. 

4. The improvement of the navigation 
of the Kaskaskia River, $50,000. 

5. The improvement of the navigation 
of the Little Wabash River, $50,000. 

6. For the Western ]\Iail Route, from 
Vincennes to Saint Louis, $250,000. 

RAILROADS AGAIN. 

7. A railroad from Cairo to some point 
near the southern termination of the Illi- 
nois and Michigan Canal, thtuco to 
Galena, $3,500,000. 

8. A Southern Cross Railroad, from 
Alton to Mount Carmel ; also a railroad 
from Alton to Shawneetown, $1,600,000. 

9. A Northern Cross Railroad from 
Quincy, on the Missisippi river, to the 
Indiana State line, oy the way of Mount 
Sterling, Mercdosia, Jacksonville, Spring- 
field, Decatur and Danville, thence to 
the State line, in the direction of Lafay- 
ette, Indiana, $1,800,000. 



30 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



10. A brancli of the Central Railroml 
from Ilillsboro, by the way of Shelby- 
ville, in the direction of Terra Haute, In- 
diana, $650,000. Provision was made 
for the Alton, Wabash and Erie road, 
chartered the year before, to connect 
with this road. 

11. A railroad from Peoria to Warsaw, 
on the Mississippi river, by the way of 
Canton, Macomb and Carthage, $700,000. 

12. A railroad from Lower Alton, via 
Upper Alton and Ilillsboro, to the Cen- 
tral Railroad, $600,000. 

13. A railroad from Belleville, via 
Lebanon, to intersect the railroad from 
Alton to Mount Carmel, at the nearest 
eligible point, $150,000. 

14. A railroad from Bloomington to 
Mackinaw town, there to fork, one line 
to touch the Illinois river at Pekin, the 
other at Peoria, $350,000. 

15. In order to reconcile the represent- 
atives from those counties, that were not 
touched by any of the works included in 
this system, an appropriation was made 
to be equally divided among those coun- 
ties according to population. The mon- 
ey was to be expended in building 
bridges, constructing roads and other 
improvements, $200,000. 

Provision was made in the law for 
work to begin at both ends of all im- 
portant roads, and at all the large towns; 
and to commence at both sides of all 
large streams that were crossed, and 
work both ways. This was done to keep 
all parties in the "ring" satisfied. 

The Fund Commissioners were in- 
structed to negotiate loans, to the amount 
of $8,000,000, for which they were to 
issue Certificates of Internal Improve- 
ment stock. 

PEIVATE KAILllOAD LAWS OP 1837. 

After looking at the work laid out, to 
be done under the internal improvement 
laws, and the appropriation of money 
from the public treasury, to satisfy 
those who were living in counties not 
provided for, it seems incredible that at 



the same session there should have been 
parties who were still so anxious for 
railroad laws, that they besieged the leg- 
islature for private acts on the subject. 
The following are the titles under which 
some of the charters were granted : 

Jacksonville and Naples Railroad 
Company, with authorized capital stock 
of $200,000; approved Feb. 18, 1837. 

Canton and Utica Railroad Company, 
capital stock, $50,000, with authority to 
increase to $100,000; approved Feb. 24, 
1837. 

Mississippi and Illinois Railroad Com- 
pany, capital stock, $700,000 ; approved 
Feb. 24, 1837. 

Carrolton and Blufftou Railroad Corq- 
pany, with an authorized capital of $150,- 
000, and permission to increase it to^ 
$200,000 ; approved Feb. 27, 1837. 

Shohokon and Rushville Railroad 
Company, capital, $200,000, with privi- 
lege to increase indefinitely ; approved 
Feb. 28, 1837. 

The Danville and Covington Railroad 
Company, capital $100,000 ; was approved 
March 1, 1837. 

Liverpool, Canton and Knoxville Rail- 
road Company; was approved March 1, 
1837. 

Edwardsville and Chippewa Railroad 
Comiiany, capital $50,000, with privilege 
of increasing to $100,000 ; was approved 
March 1, 1837. 

Pittsfield and Mississippi Railroad 
Company, capital $600,000 ; was approved 
March 1,1837. 

Liberty and Pinckneyville Railroad 
Company, capital $150,000 ; was approved 
March 1, 1837. 

Kaskaskia Railroad Company, capital 
500 shares ; was approved March 1, 1837. 

Lewiston and Liverpool Railroad Com- 
pany, capital $300,000; was approved 
March 2, 1837. 

Manchester and Bridgeport Railroad 
Company, capital $100,000 ; was approved 
March 2, 1837. 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 



31 



Cantou and Pikcton l^ailroad. Compa- 
ny, capital $250,000 ; approved March 3, 
1837 ; rc-chartered Feb. 26, 1839. 

Jonesboro and Mississippi Railroad 
Company, capital $50,000 ; approved 
3Iarch 3, 1837. 

Galena Railroad Company, capital 
^500,000, with authority to increase it to 
$1,000,000 ; approved March 3, 1837. 

Tamaroa and Mississippi Railroad Com- 
pany, capital $200,000 ; was approved 
March 3, 1837. 

Wabash and Indiana Railroad Conii^a- 
ny, capital $1,000,000 ; was approved 
March 4, 1837. 

Chester, Nashville and Piuckneyville 
Railroad Company, capital $300,000 ; 
was approved March 4, 1837. 

Springfield and Bcardstown Railroad 
Company, capital $200,000 ; was approved 
March 4, 1837. 

Webster, Ottawa and Kishwakee Rail- 
road Company, capital $500,000, with au- 
thority to increase it to $1,000,000 ; Avas 
approved March 4, 1837. 

Chicago and Michigan Railroad Com- 
pany, capital $1,000,000. 

NET RESULTS OF TWO YEARS' LEGISLATION. 

Western farmers are accustomed to such 
enormous crops that they soon become 
careless, and leave as much in harvesting, 
sometimes, as would be thought a fair 
crop in other parts of the country. In 
collecting the information with reference 
to the early legislation in Illinois for rail- 
roads and other internal improvements, 
I have endeavored to be more careful than 
the farmers ; but where legislative bodies 
have yielded such luxuriant crops, I may 
have overlooked some of the laws. The 
net result, so far as my investigation goes, 
is something like the following : 

The capital authorized to joint stock 
companies by the Legislature of Illinois, 
from January 17, 1835, to February 27, 
1837, was $12,450,000, chiefly to railroad 
companies. 

The internal improvement act of Feb- 
ruary 27, 1837, appropriated $10,200,000 



directly from the State treasury. More 
than nine millions of this sum was for 
railroads. 

At the same session private laws were 
enacted, charteringjoint stock companies 
with authorized capital stock, to the 
amount of nearly $8,000,000, making an 
aggregate of about $30,000,000, involved 
in eflforts to legislate railroads into exist- 
ence in the State of Illinois before their 
time. The $20,000,000 of authorized 
stock to corporations, resulted in but lit- 
tle loss to the State or the people, as few 
of the companies ever organized, and 
those that did generally fell still born. 
The greatest loss from this source was the 
useless mass of legislation. 

This gigantic system of internal im- 
provements was inaugurated when the 
county was but sparsely settled, and be- 
fore it was in a condition to export any- 
thing that would command money. The 
people imagined themselves rich, because 
the whole United States, east, west, north 
and south, was flooded with irredeemable 
paper money. It was thought there would 
be no difllculty in negotiating loans to 
carry forward the public works. 

It has been suggested that the only 
reason why the General Assembly of Illi- 
nois did not, at that time, build an In- 
sane Asylum, and resolve that its mem- 
bers should become inmates of it, was be- 
cause it was not believed there were 
enough sane men belonging to their hon- 
orable body to run the new institution. 

Soon after the law was enacted, certi- 
ficates of internal improvement stock 
were readily taken, contracts let, and 
work commenced at various points, in all 
parts of the State. Millions of dollars 
were squandered in this way before the 
autumn of 1837, when the great financial 
crash, which commenced in the eastern 
cities, swept over the whole United States, 
and the internal improvement system of 
Illinois went down, leaving the State in 
what was thought, at the lime, to be 
hopeless bankruptcy. 



32 



SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



FIRST LOCOMOTIVE IN ILLINOIS. 



Among the first lines upon which work 
was commenced under the internal im- 
provement system, was the Northern 
Cross Railroad. The first ground was 
broken between Jacksonville and Mere- 
dosia, on what was called Wolf Run. It 
was about six miles east of the Illinois 
River. This was early in the spring of 
1837. James Dunlap, now of Jackson- 
ville, and T. T. January, of St. Louis, 
were the contractors. In the spring of 
1838 the first locomotive engine ever 
brought to the State came up the Illinois 
River on a steamboat, and was lauded at 
Meredosia. It was used for running con- 
struction trains from that time forward. 
This engine was built by Rogers, Ketchum 
and Grosvenor, of Patterson, New Jersey, 
and was called the "Superior." The road 
was so far advanced that the locomotive 
run in^o Jacksonville in the latter part 
of 1838 or early in 1839. 

The work on the Northern Cross Rail- 
road struggled along, after the internal 
improvement system had ceased in nearly 
every other part of the State. After it 
was put in running order from Meredosia 
to Jacksonville, some work was done be- 
tween the latter place and Springfield, 
but for a year or two it moved slowly. 
In some way the canal fund became in- 
debted to the internal improvement fund. 
On the 36th day of February, 1841, an 
act of the General Assembly was approv- 
ed, providing for the completion of the 
Northern Cross Railroad from Springfield 
to Jacksonville. To liquidate the indebt- 
edness of the canal fund to the internal 
improvement fund, $100,000 of canal 
bonds were appropriated to defray the 
expense of completing that part of the 
road. The Fund Commissioner was au- 
thorized and instructed to enter into con- 
tracts for the work, to be paid for with 
the canal bonds, and to be completed in 
one year. On the day following— Feb- 
ruary 27, 1841 — a law was enacted re- 
quiring the Fund Commissioner to adver- 



tise for proposals to do the work. He 
was, l)y the same law, directed to take 
charge of all the work between Spring- 
field and the Illinois River. 

FIRST LOCOMOTIVK IN SPRINGFIELD. 

Before the road was completed to 
Springfield, another locomotive was 
brought on, from the works of M. W. 
Baldwin, of Philadelphia. It was called 
the "Illinois." The track was so far com- 
pleted that on the 15th of February, 1842, 
it entered Springfield, being the first one 
to arrive in the city. I had considerable 
difficulty to settle this point, but my au- 
thority is Mr. George Gregory, now a 
wealthy farmer, livirg about five miles 
west of the city, and Mr. 'J'. 31. Averitt 
whose home is on Jefferson street, near 
Eleventh. Mr. Gregory was the engineer, 
and Mr. Averitt the fireman. After con- 
ferring with each other they agree that it 
was in February, 1843 — but Mr. Gregory is 
not sure of the exact day ; Mr. Averitt re- 
members distinctly that it was the 15th. 
The track was laid along Tenth street to 
the crossing of Adams. The last half or 
three-fourths of a mile of the track was 
only the wooden stringers, the iron not 
yet having been sjiiked on. The news- 
papers were not very enterprising, with 
reference to the latest news, especially 
when we consider how wild they were 
on the subject of railroads only two or 
three years before. 

Ten days after the event, February 25, 
I find in the Sangamo Journal : "The rail- 
road is so far finished that the locomotive 
occasionally runs upon it, and has drawn 
at least one heavy load of produce to the 
river. Under the circumstances of the 
times, the contractors, Messrs. Duff, Cal- 
houn & Co., have done well to comjjlete 
it thus early. We anticipate that much 
business will be done on this road in the 
spring." 

Again, from the Journal of March 11 : 

"Northern Cross Railroad. — We 
have neglected to notice that the railroad 
from this place to Meredosia, on the Illi- 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 



33 



nois River, lias been completed for a cou- 
ple of weeks so far as to permit the pas- 
sage of trains of cars througa the whole 
line. The locomotive has now commenced 
trii)s between this city and the Illinois 
River ; and, for the present, we under- 
stand it is arranged that the locomotive 
will leave this city every Monday, "Wed- 
nesday and Friday, and Meredosia every 
Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. "We 
also learn that the steamer "Mungo Park" 
will run regularly between Meredosia and 
St. Louis, going and returning three 
times a week, so as to connect regularly 
with the train of cars. This arrangement 
will be of immense utility to our citizens 
and the traveling community, and will 
furnish the easy means of conveying to 
market the produce of a large and most 
productive region of country." 

March 18, 18f2, the Journal says : "On 
Saturday last, March 11, the cars ran from 
Jacksonville, SSJg miles, in two hours 
and eight minutes, including stoppages. 
It is believed the distance can be passed 
over in one hour and a half Trips con- 
tinue to be made three times per week." 

March 26 we find in the Journal : 

"Pleasuee Teip. — On Monday, March 
21, a large party left this city for Jack- 
sonville, filling two passenger cars and 
another fitted up temporarily for the 
band of music. They speak in high 
terms of the hospitality and kindness of 
the citizens of Jacksonville, of the i^-'vrty 
there, and the pleasure of the trip." 

In that paper, of the same date, we 
find : "During the few days the Spring- 
field and Meredosia Railroad has been in 
operation, and before the public generally 
were aware of the running of the cars, 
the receipts from passengers alone have 
amounted to about seven hundred dol- 
lars." 

This road was all made by laying long 
pieces of timber lengthwise with the 
track — cross pieces were placed six or 
eight feet apart, to keep the stringers 
from spreading — flat iron rails were 



spiked on to the pieces of timber, and 
then it was ready to receive the locomo- 
motivc and cars. 

After running awhile the engines need- 
ed repairing, and the track became un- 
even, so that the cars ceased to be run by 
steam. The road was then leased, and 
mule teams took the place of the locomo- 
tives. After becoming so dilapidated 
that it was a public nuisance, a law was 
enacted authorizing the sale of the en- 
tire road. The sale was effected for a 
mere trifle, with the stipulation that the 
parties coming in possession of it should 
put it in running order, for the accommo- 
dation of the public. This was some- 
thing like the manner in which the inter- 
nal improvement system of Illinois was 
closed out, after having started with 
$10,000,000, appropriated from the State 
treasury. There are men who assert that 
the disasters were all occasioned by a 
misnomer, that might have been avoided 
by erasing the letter t and inserting the 
letter/, in the first part of the name. Had 
that been done, the true character of the 
enterprise would have been understood 
and the danger averted. But Illinois has 
profited by instruction, obtained through 
disaster, and has, for many years, been 
marching with rapid strides on the true 
road to greatness. 

After the Northern Cross Railroad pas- 
sed out of the hands of the State, other 
changes followed, until it became a part 
of the 

TOLEDO, WABASH AND WESTERN KAILWAY. 

This road runs the entire distance 
across the State, from east to west, and 
touches all the principal points mentioned 
in the act incorporating the Northern 
Cross road. 

The Toledo, Wabash and Western is 
one of the most important roads in the 
country — being the shortest route from 
the Atlantic seaboard to Northern Mis- 
souri and Kansas. The whole line, with 
its branches, comprises 814 miles. 



34: SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 

Miles. Springfield. They, with their families. 

The Main Line Is 47G i i . , ^ i j^j-. i 

St.LouisDivision(froniDecaturtoSt.Louis)... 106 "'^''^ between twelve and fifteen hun- 

Keokuk Branch 43 dred of the population. 

Hannibal Branch... 50 The monthly pay roll averages some- 

Pekin Branch (from Decatur to Pekm> 65 , . ^ 

Pittsfleld Branch 6 ^^'^^S "lore than $20,000 per month, or a 

Moberly Branch (in Missouri) CS total of $250,000 per annum. The pas- 
Total "su seuger earnings at this station for 1870. 

Ofthe.se 814 miles there are in Illinois ^^^^ $80,000; freight $72,000, making 

j^.j^^^ the total receipts $153,000. This shows 

Main Line 226 that the money paid out by the company 

St. Louis Branch 106 in Springfield is about $100,000 above 

PekinBranch.^ 66 the receipts annually. 

Keokuk Branch 43 ^ •' 

Hannibal Branch 50 J. IT. Fancher is the accountant at the 

Pittsfield Branch ^ macliine shops, and T. G. Gorman, mas- 

Totalin Illinois 49G tcr mechanic. 

The lUinoisDivision comprises all West Col. R. Andrews, Superintendent of 

of Danville, except the St. Louis Branch, the Illinois Division, resides in Spring- 

which is a division by itself field, and has his office in the new depot 

The Toledo, Wabash and Western is 'building, 

not only the oldest road in the State, but <^^ther officers and employees in the 

is a very important one to Springfield, same building are : K. H. Wade, master 

The company has, for several years, kept <'f transportation ; D. G. Moore, chief 

repair shops here, and in 18G9 erected (^^^^^'^ ; T. L. Dunn, resident engineer; 

new buildings for their rapidly increas- ^- M. Gregory, stock and fuel agent; E. 

ing machine works, at a cost of about H. Ives, ticket agent ; E. Dresser and J. 

$75 000. -A- Patterson, train despatchers. 

There are sixty-two locomotives be- ciiicago, alton and st. louis eailkoad. 
longing to the Illinois Division, and all 

are kept in repair at this place. Occa- ^^^^ ^^'''^' *° ^"^"^'^^ Springfield and 

sionally the repairs are such as to be ^1^"°' ^^ ^^^^^°^^' ''^^''' ^^ ^''^^^^ 

about equal to building a new engine, ^l^^"-^" ^' ""^'^^ *^^« ^"^^^"^^ ^"^P'""^^- 

The new stock carried at these shops ^^^"^ ^""'"'^ ^"^^^"g ^^^" abandoned, a 

averages about $40,000. company was incorporated Feb. 27, 1847, 

-r, • ii 1 -ij- f ^Q^-A and called the Alton and Sangamon 

During the building season of 1870, ° 

., i ^ • a • « 1^ Railroad Company. The charter was 

the company erected in Springfield a very '■ •' 

r. J I t f 1 ^ *. -n amended by an act of the General As- 
fine and substantial iDasscnger depot, with •' 

J ,. ^ ,, ,, jv; , semblv, Jan. 39, 1851. It was again 
accommodations for all the oihccs be- ■' ' . ° 
, . , ,, Til- • -r>- • • mi • amended so as to extend it to Blooming- 
longing to the Illinois Division. This , ,. . 
1 -IT 4. 0.0 f^nn A l.^, f • x,i. tou, Feb. 11, 18ol, With au additional 
building cost $36,000, and the freight ' ' . 
, . a.n nr^n rni -^i xu i- amendment, Feb. 1 <, 1851. 
depot $8,000. These, with the machine ' ' 

shops, make the total cost of buildings ^y an act of the General Assembly, 

belonging to the company at this place J""^ 19, 1852, the name was changed to 

about $120,000. There arc about one ^he Chicago and Mississippi Railroad 

hundred and eighty men employed in Company. The work was then being 

the shops, thirty track men, and about prosecuted vigorously, and on the 9th of 

one hundred train men, including con- September, 1852, the first locomotive 

ductors, engineers and firemen, making tame through from Alton to Springfield. 

over three hundred of the employees of From the Springfield Journal ofMon- 

the company who have their homes in day, Oct. 10, 1852, I learn that an enter- 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANTJFAOTDRINa 



85 



taiument was given in S2)ringfield by the 
railroad company, to a' party of excur- 
sionists from St. Louis and Alton. The 
steamboat Cornelia left St. Louis with 
the excursionists at six o'clock on the 
morning of Thursday, Oct. Gth, and ar- 
rived at Springfield at two o'clock, p. m., 
where a sumptuous dinner awaited them, 
in a building erected for a machine shop. 
The road was built chiefly through the 
exertions of the late Benjamin Godfrey, 
of Alton, who was introduced by the 
Hon. Virgil Hickox, now the General 
Agent of the road at this place. After a 
brief address from Mr. Godfrey, and 
speeches from some others of the party, 
and the dinner had been partaken of by 
all, the train moved away with its four 
hundred passengers on the return trip, 
and by nine o'clock that evening the ex- 
cursionists were in thair homes. This 
was an important event in the history of 
Springdeld, as it opened direct commu- 
nication with St. Louis and the South. 

By an act of the Legislature, Feb. 11, 
1853, the capital stock of the company 
was increased ; and the charter amended 
Feb. 28, 1854. 

On the 18th of October, 1853, the road 
was completed to jSTormal, forming a 
junction with the Illinois Central, by 
which passengers could go to LaSalle, 
and from there to Chicago by the Chica- 
go and Rock Island road. This opened 
up the first communication by railroad 
from New York city to the Mississippi 
river. On the 4th of August, 1854, the 
present Chicago and Alton road was 
completed to Joliet. 

Feb. 14, 1855, by an act of the General 
Assembly, the name of the company was 
changed to Chicago, Alton and St. Louis, 
and by the 21st of Jan., 1857, the com- 
pany concluded to run the other way, 
and another act of the Legislature 
changed the name to St. Louis, Alton 
and Chicago Railroad Company. 

Feb. 4, 1859, a charter was granted for 
the Alton and St. Louis Railroad Com- 
pany. Previous to that time the com- 



munication between Alton and St. Louis 
was by steamers, on the Mississippi river 
Feb. 19, 1859, the name was changed 
from St. Louis, Alton and Chicago to 
Alton, Chicago and St. Louis. Feb. 18, 
1861, changed to Chicago and Alton. 

After this, the Chicago and Alton and 
Alton and St. Louis roads were consoli- 
dated, forming the Chicago and St. Louis 
Railroad Company. Hon. Virgil Hickox, 
of this city, is the General Agent of the 
company. 

From 1854 Springfield has had direct 
communication, by railroad, east, west, 
north and south, and by connections with 
other roads has had communication with 
all parts of the country. Nothing more 
was done for the city in the way of rail- 
roads until after the close of the great 
rebellion. 

SPRINGFIELD AND ILLINOIS SOUTHEASTEUN 
RAILWAY COMPANY. 

A charter was granted for the Spring- 
field and Pana Railroad Company, Feb. 
16, 1857. The road was never built un- 
der that charter, but exactly eight years 
after, Feb. 16, 1865, another charter was 
granted, to cover the same ground and 
extend farther, under the title of the 
Pana, Springfield and Northwestern Rail- 
road Company. Forty miles of this road 
— from Springfield to Pana — was comple- 
ted and open for business in March, 1870. 
During the summer of 1870 it was put 
under contract to Beardstown, with the 
intention of extending it to Keokuk, 
Iowa. The work on this part of the road 
is completed, and the cars running to 
Virginia, in Cass county — thirty two 
miles northwest of Springfield. 

By an act of the General Assembly, 
approved ^March 5, 1867, a charter was 
granted for the Illinois and Southeastern 
Railway Company. This extends south- 
east from Pana to Edgewood, and in- 
cludes the road already in running order 
from Edgewood to Shawneetown. Tho 
short link between Pana and Edgewood 
will bo completed during the present 
season ; then the line of road in running 



36 



SPRINGIi'IELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



order will be two hundred and twenty- 
five miles long, from Shawneetown, ou 
the Ohio, to Beardstown, on the Illinois 
River. 

This line of road opens up to Sjiring- 
field the finest body of timber land in 
the Western States. Forty miles of it, 
in the southeastern part of the State, 
runs through a dense forest of several 
species of the oak, hickory, sweet gum, 
black walnut, and other varieties of tim- 
ber suitable for the manufacture of agri- 
cultural implementSjCabinet furniture.etc. 

An idea of its importance to Spring- 
field may be formed, from the fact that 
the Springfield and Illinois Southeastern 
Railway Company have contracts already 
for supplying plov,r manufacturers in Mo- 
line with timber from these forests. 

The officers of the company are : Thos. 
S. Ridgway, of Shawneetown, President ; 
Charles A. Beecher, of Fairfield, Vice- 
President ; George N. Black, of Spring- 
field, Secretary; E. C. Dawes, Treasurer; 
Orland Smith, of Springfield, General 
Superintendent ; Geo. W. Norris, Super- 
intendent Southern Division ; John Fog- 
gitt. General Freight Agent ; Louis B. 
Smith, Auditor. Springfield is the head- 
quarters of the company. 

THE OILMAN, CLINTON AND SPRINGFIELD 
KAILBOAD COMPANY 

Was incorporated by an act of the 
General Assembly, March 4, 1867. An 
organization was efi^ected at Clinton, 
April 21, 1869. Grading was commenced 
near Clinton, July 4th, 1870, and from 
that time until the close of the working 
season, from fifteen to eighteen hundred 
men were employed along the line. Track 
laying was commenced at Gilman, Feb. 
19, 1871, and it is expected that the en- 
tire line, 110 miles in length, will be 
completed and running by the 4th of 
July. This will oj)eu up some of the 
finest agricultural country in the State — 
whicli has not heretofore been reached 
by railroads — and furnish a new rente to 
Chicago, almost or quite as short as that 
by the Chicago and St. Louis railroad. 



The principal office of this company is 
at Springfield, and the officers are : S. H. 
Melvin, of Springfield, President ; Wil- 
liam Fuller, of Clinton, Vice-President ; 
John Warner, of Clinton, Treasurer ; and 
Henry Crosley, of Clinton, Secretary. 

SPRINGFIELD AND ST. LOUIS EAILROAD 
COMPANY 

Was organized under the general rail- 
road law of the State, August 4, 1870, 
with a capital stock of $800,000. 

The object of this organization is to 
secure to Springfield a competing line to 
St. Louis, and also to furnish another 
through route from St. Louis to Chicago 
via Gilman. It runs almost in a straight 
line from Springfield to Litchfield, Mont- 
gomery county, thence to St. Louis. Its 
entire route is east of and eight miles 
shorter from Springfield to St, Loui sthan 
by the route of the Chicago, Alton and 
St. Louis road. This road will be put 
under contract this summer, and will, no 
doubt, be completed during the present 
year. The officers of the company are : 
S. H, Melvin. of Springfield, President ; 
Robert McWilliams, of Litchfield, Vice 
President ; George N, Black, of Spring- 
field, Treasurer ; P. B. Updike, of Litch- 
field, Secretary. 

THE SPEINGFIELD AND NORTHWESTERN 
RAILROAD COMPANY 

Was incorporated in 1869. It is to 
connect Springfield and Rock Island, by 
the way of Galesburg. Sept. 15, 1870, 
fifty miles — from Springfield to Lewis- 
ton — was put under contract, to be gra- 
ded, ironed and furnished with rolling 
stock. It will be completed from Hava- 
na to Petersburg by the 1st of July, and 
from Petersburg to Springfield by the 
close of 1871. 

The officers of the company are : W. 
C. Green, of Tallula, President ; L. W. 
Ross, of Lcwiston, Vice-President ; John 
Williams, of Springfield, Treasurer ; and 
Edward Lanning, of Petersburg, Scc'y. 



V/ I s c o 




,DU QUOIN 



^MAP^^ THE / 

RAJbROADiS Z..«. *_., 

ILLINOIS /,|^ 

AND THEIR CONNECTIONS AT »» L^^^^. \\ i 



91 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 



37 



THE SPRINGFIELD AND MATTOON RAILROAD 
COMPANY 

Has $280,000 in subscriptions, voted 
by counties and townships, under the 
old constitution of the State. This Hue 
is seventy miles long, and is an extension 
of the Grayville and Mattoon Railroad, 
Operations are to commence on this line 
■within a few weeks. The officers of the 
comjxmy are the same as those of the 
Grayville and Mattoon Railroad Com- 
pany. 

THE SPKINGFIELD AND PEOEIA UAILKOAD 
COMPANY 

Was organized under the general laws 
of the State, August 16, 1870, and a 
board of directors chosen. The directors 
are: John T. Stuart, John Williams, J. C. 
Conkling and George N. Black, of Spring- 
field ; Milam Alkire, of Menard county; 
James Haines and Thomas King, of Pe- 
kin; and A. J. Hodges and Sidney Pul- 
sifer, of Peoria. 

SUBSCRIPTIONS. 

Sangamon county, the city of Spring- 
field, and the several townships named, 
have taken the following subscrij^tions 
by vote of the peof)le : 

The county has $100,000 in the Gil- 
man, Clinton and Springfield road ; and 
$100,000 in the Springfield and Illinois 
Southeastern road. 

Springfield township has $80,000 in the 
Springfield and Illinois Southeastern ; 
fifty thousand of it at one subscrijition, 
and thirty thousand at another. 

Springfield towhship has $50,000 in 
the Springfield and Northwestern Rail- 
road. 



Salisbury township has $10,000 in the 
Springfield and Northwestern Railroad. 

AVoodside township has $20,000 in the 
Springfield and St. Louis Railroad, 

HINT TO RAILROAD MEN. 

By way of a hint to railroad men and 
capitalists, I would just ask them to 
look at the map, and see if there is not 
a splendid opportunity for a pay- 
ing investment, in another Illinois Cen- 
tral Railroad. Commence at Cairo, and 
run via DuQuoin, or on a straight line 
west of that place, to Litchfield, Spring- 
field, Pekin, Peoria and Freeport, thence 
to Madison, Wisconsin. 

CONCLUSION. 

It will be seen by the foregoing state- 
ments and consulting the map, that 
Springfield has six lines of railroads 
finished and running ; two others upon 
which the work is far advanced, and will 
be completed within 1871 ; and three 
other organized companies, with such 
provision made as will secure the build- 
ing of the respective roads. She will 
have at the close of this year eight, and 
at the end of two years, eleven roads ; or 
as it were, spokes to a wheel, concentra- 
ting to and diverging from this point. 

There are about fifty thousand miles of 
railroad in the United States. Of these 
Illinois has about one eighth, or some- 
thing more than six thousand miles. It 
is with feelings of pleasure that I point 
to the map, engraved by a self-taught 
artist of Springfield, M. M. Wickersham, 
as a graphic description of the position 
the Capital of Illinois sustains to the 
general railroad system. 



—6 



38 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



STREET RAILWAYS. 



THE CAPITAL RAILWAY COMPANY 

Was organized under the general laws 
of the State of Illinois, August 10, 1865, 
and permission was at once given by the 
City Council of Springfield, to locate the 
road on all the streets the company de- 
sired to occupy. They commenced oper- 
ations with a capital of $18,000, which 
was afterwards increased to 28,000. The 
first board of directors were : J. K. 
Dubois, John Williams, D. L. Phillips, 
Alexander Starne and J. S. Bradford. 

The officers chosen were : D. L. Phil- 
lips, President; John Williams, Treas- 
urer ; A. W. French, Secretary ; Alex- 
ander Starne, Superintendent. John 
Williams afterwards resigned as Treas- 
urer, and Jesse K. Dubois was chosen to 
fill the vacancy. 

The road was built in the autumn of 
1865, commencing at the old depot of 
the Toledo, Wabash & Western Railway, 
on the corner of Tenth and Monroe 
streets, and running west on Monroe 
street to Lincoln Avenue, one-third of a 
mile west of the city limits. It was 
opened for business January 1, 1866 ; the 
total cost to that time, being about $27,- 
000. 

The track was afterwards extended 
about one-third of a mile further west, 
and more recently about the same dis- 
tance was taken up at the cast end of 
the road — from Tenth to Seventh streets. 

By an act of the General Assembly of 
Illinois, approved Feb. 25, 1867, the 
former transactions of the Capital Rail- 
way Company of Springfield, were legal- 
ized and its future rights and privileges 
defined. Its capital stock was fixed at 



$50,000, with authority to increase it in- 
definitely. 

This road, running as it does, by the 
Post Office, and extending into the west- 
ern part of the city, where the residences 
are numerous and increasing, is a great 
convenience. The Skating 'Rink is in 
that jDart of the city and is a place of 
great resort during the winter season. 

The Capital Railway Company has a 
fine park or natural grove of eight or ten 
acres, at the western end of the road It 
is a fine place for picnics in the spring 
and summer season. No stranger visiting 
the city, should leave it until he has 
taken a ride to the west end of this line. 

SPRINGFIELD CITY RAILWAY COMPANY 

Was chartered Feb. 16, ISGl, by a 
special act of the Legislature of Illinois, 
entitled "An act to promote the construc- 
tion of Horse Railways in the city of 
Springfield." Jacob Bunn, John T. 
Stuart, Stephen T. Lngan, Benjamin S. 
Edwards, Christopher C. Brown, Thomas 
S. Mather, and George Carpenter, were 
named as the first board of directors. 

They were authorized to organize a 
company under the name that heads this 
article, with a capital stock of $50,000, 
and permission to* increase it indefinitely. 
The company was invested with author- 
ity to build and operate street railroads, 
on any street in the present or future 
limits of the city, and to extend them to 
any point in the county of Sangamon. 
They were to go on any public highway, 
but were forbidden to put any obstruc- 
tion in the way of travel. 

This very liberal charter was not an 
exclusive one, but left the question so 
that other companies might avail them- 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOB MAWUFACTUBmG. 



39 



selves of the same privileges ; therefore 
we find the Capital Railway Company, 
organized four and a half years later, 
with its road in operation before this 
one commenced work. 

March 3, 1866, the Springfield City 
Railway Company was organized, by the 
election of the Hon. John T. Stuart, 
President ; Asa Eastman, Vice President; 
George N. Black, Treasurer ; and George 
Carpenter, Secretary. They commenced 
building the road at once and opened it 
for business on the 4th of July. 

The original road commenced at Mon- 
roe street and ran north, on Fifth street 
to Oak Ridge Cemetery. The road, cars, 
and all the equipments cost $42,000. In 
the spring of 1867 it was extended on 
Fifth street to South Grand Avenue, at 
a cost of $13,000, making the total cost 
$55,000. The southern extension was 
opened for business just one year from 
the first opening, namely, July 4, 1867. 

This company owns a fine park of 
twelve acres adjoining Oak Ridge Cem- 
etery on the east. The park is finely 
shaded with native trees. It has a 
bountiful supply of pure well water, 
and a pagoda for refreshments. 
There is a stand on the ground fitted up 
for public speaking, with rustic bridges 



in appropriate places, and seats under 
almost every tree. These attractions, 
with a green turf over all the ground, 
make it a great resort for picnics. 

This park and the tine walks and 
drives, among the sylvan groves of Oak 
Ridge Cemetery, forms a delightful re- 
treat from the scorching heat and dusty 
streets of the city, in the summer months ; 
and at all seasons, with the memories that 
cluster around the Lincoln Monument, it 
is one of the most attractive spots in the 
West, both to citizens and strangers. 

The board of directors of the company 
are Jacob Bnnn, John T. Stuart, J. W. 
Bunn, George N. Black, Asa Eastman, 
Dwight Brown, and C. W. Matheny. 

The officers are Hon. John T. Stuart, 
President ; Asa Eastman, Vice President; 
George N. Black, Treasurer ; John W. 
Bunn, Secretary. 

Mr. A. L. Ide was a director in the 
company until the last election, when he 
declined to serve longer in that capacity. 
He became Superintendent of the road 
about three months after it went into 
operation, and has continued in that 
position to the present time to the mu- 
tual satisfaction of the stockholders, and 
the people for whose convenience the 
road was built. 



40 



SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



TOPOGRAPHY OF ILLINOIS AND STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 



A brief statement will assist persons 
who have never been in tbis prairie 
country, to form some idea of its topo- 
graphy. Low water in the Ohio river at 
Cairo is 290 feet above the ocean's level. 
The water in Lake Michigan is 295 high- 
er, or 585 feet above the ocean. The 
following table shows that Springfield is 
48 feet higher than the lake, or 633 feet 
above the ocean's level. The average 
level of the State is probably from 650 
to 700 feet above the ocean. 

" The country is quite broken in the 
lead regions, and the hills are higher 
than in any other portion of the State, 
reaching an altitude, between Freeport 
and Galena, where the elevations are lo- 
cally known as the Mounds, of from 
eight hundred and fifty to nine hundred 
feet above the level of the river at Cairo ; 
and from five hundred and twenty-five 
to tlve hundred and seventy-five feet 
above the level of Lake Michigan ; and 
from eleven hundred to eleven hundred 
and fifty above the ocean's level ; and 
from two hundred to two hundred and 
fifty feet above the surrounding country." 

Take the map and follow the line of 
the Chicago and St. Louis railroad. Jo- 
liet is in the valley of the Desplaines 
river ; Wilmington at the crossing of the 
Kankakee ; Pontiac at the crossing of 
the Vermillion, and Alton is a descent 
from the table laud, to the margin of the 
Mississi2)pi river. 

The table lands between those riveis 
are the highest points. South and west 
from Chicago the country rises from 150 
to 300 feet within the first hundred 
miles. Notwithstanding this, almost 
everybody says they are going up to Chi- 
cago ; probably because it is very proper 
for a man to consider himself gojie up 
when he arrives there. 



Starting from Chicago, the column of 
figures on the left represents the number 
of feet the railroad track lies above or 
below the waters of Lake Michigan ; 
those on the right the number of miles 
from that city : 

rXET. HILTS. 

Joliet, below 41 38 

Elwood, above 78 46 

Wilmington, below 21 53 

Braidwood, above 23 58 

Braceville, " 21 61 

Gardner, " 23 65 

Dwight, " 71 74 

Odell, " 144 83 

Cayuga, " 121 87 

Pontiac, " 86 92 

Ocoya, " 109 97 

Chenoa, " 153 103 

Lexington, " 196 111 

TOWANDA, " 228 119 

Bloomington (Western station)223 126 

Shirley, above 188 133 

Funk's Grove, " 148 137 

McLean, " 148 141 

Atlanta, " 162 147 

Lawn Dale, " 43 150 

Lincoln, " 31 157 

Broadwell, " 29 164 

Elkhart, " 35 168 

Williamsville, " 45 174 

Sherman, " 27 178 

Speingfield, " 48 185 

Chatham, " 60 194 

Auburn, " 84 200 

Virden, " 109 206 

Girard, " Ill 210 

Carlinville, " 78 223 

Shipman, " 80 238 

Brighton, " 112 245 

Monticello, " 53 251 

Alton, below 112 257 

St, Louis, " 280 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANITFACTUKING. 



41 



rOPULATION OP ^TATE. 

1810 12,283 

1830 55,311 

ISaO 157,445 

1840 476,183 

1850 851,470 

1860 1,701,740 

1870 3,539,410 

POPULATIOiSr OP SANGAMON COUNTY. 

1840 14,716 



1850 19,328 

I860 32,352 

1870 46,384 

POPULATION OF SPRINGFIELD. 
1840 *1,600 

1850 4,533 

1860 .' 9,320 

1870 17,870 

• N^t official; all othera taken from the United 
States ceusus. 



GEOLOGY OF ILLINOIS. 



Very early in the history of the coun- 
try, comprised at present in the State of 
Illinois, lead was discovered in the north- 
western portion of the same, in what is 
now Jo Daviess county. The centre of 
this lead region is a little northeast of 
the city of Galena. Nearly all the lead 
jjroduced by those mines, has been taken 
out within a radius of eight miles in 
diameter, around this central point. The 
lead bearing territory extends into Wis- 
consin and across into Iowa, but in north- 
western Illinois it is confined to Stephen- 
sou aud Jo Daviess counties. 

Mining was prosecuted there previous 
to 1834, aud attained its greatest im- 
portance about 1845, after which it de- 
clined. In 1853 the yield was 15,700 
tons of 3,400 pounds each, which de- 
clined to 13,366 tons in 1858, and 8,263 
tons in 1859. Mining is prosecuted there 
at the ijresent time to a greater or less 
extent. 

Lead is found in Hardin county, on 
the Ohio river, about tfiree hundred and 
fifty miles south of the mines above de- 
scribed. The discovery was made by 
digging a well during the year 1839. No 
attention was given to it until 1841, 
when it was found in digging another 
well. In 1843 mining and smelting was 
commenced, but after sinking a great 



many shafts, the work was abandoned 
in 1851. It was not resumed until the 
autumn of 1865, when one of the old 
shafts was cleaned out ready for business. 
For the year ending December 1, 1867, 
one hundred and seventy-six thousand, 
three hundred and eighty-seven pounds 
of lead had been taken out. The num- 
ber of laborers had increased from six to 
about sixty. 

A story is related by Governor Ford, 
in his history of Illinois, connected with 
the early lead mining in this region of 
country. The business had been prose- 
cuted for many years in Missouri, before 
it was discovered in the vicinity of what 
is now Galena. In 1824 the great rich- 
ness of the Galena mines became known, 
and in the summers of 1825-6-7, hun- 
dreds and thousands ©f men from the 
southern part of Illinois would go up the 
Mississippi river on steamboats, in the 
spring, work in the lead mines through 
the warm weather, and return to their 
homes in the autumn, thus establishing 
a similarity between their migratory ha- 
bits and that species of the finny tribe 
called Suckers. For this reason the Illi- 
nois miners were very early called 
" Suckers " by the few Missourians at 
Galena. 
As the fame of these mines extended, 



42 



8PKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



men from southern Missouri turned out 
in great numbers and flocked to Galena 
also. The circumstance of such numbers 
of uac outh men, coming up the river, 
was too suggestive to be lost. A face- 
tious '' Sucker " insisted that the Missou- 
ri lead mines had taken an emetic, and 
from that time the Missourians were 
called "Pukes." These appellations have 
been bandied back and forth in a good- 
natured way to the present time, and 
ludicrous incidents sometimes occur in 
the use of both. 

SALT SPRINGS 

Are found in several localities in the 
southern jjortions of the State. In the 
early settling of the country, when the 
transportation of merchandize was diffi- 
cult, they were of great importance, and 
works for evaporating the water were 
erected in Saline and Jackson counties, 
and perhaps at some other points. In 
consequence of the weakness of the brine 



and the imperfect apparatus for evapo- 
rating, the works have been abandoned, 
except at Equality, in Saline county, 
where a small quantity is made. Prof. 
Worthen thinks that with improved 
methods for evai^oration, it might be 
profitable to manufacture salt in Jackson 
county at the present time. 

IRON MINING. 

Hardin is the only county in the State 
where iron has been mined and furnaces 
erected for smelting it from the ore. A 
furnace was built there in 1837, and an- 
other in 1848. Charcoal, made from the 
heavy forests along the Ohio river, was 
used for smelting, and the iron produced 
commanded the highest price in the 
market. The furnace established in 1848 
was closed in 1857. The first one opened, 
after being in operation twenty-four 
years, was closed in 1861, soon after the 
breaking out of the rebellion. 



IT8 ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 



43 



COAL AND COAL MINING. 



The other minerals in this State are so 
meagre in supply as to be deserving of 
but a bare mention ; but when we spealc 
of coal, to say that it is abundant, gives 
but a meagre idea of its extent. It is 
found cropping out of the blulTs, along 
the water courses, over a large extent of 
country, and was mined in a rude man- 
ner by the first settlers. It is but a few 
years since the first attempts were made 
at mining on scientific principles. 

A law was. enacted by the General As- 
sembly of Illinois, in February, 1851, au- 
thorizing the Governor, Auditor and 
Treasurer of the State to employ a Geo- 
logist, with the view of making an en- 
tire survey of the State. Three thousand 
dollars per annum was appropriated for 
the purpose of defraying the expenses of 
the same. The appropriation was to 
continue until the work was completed, 
or its discontinuance ordered by the 
Legislature. 

At the session of 1853, the annual ap- 
proi^riations were increased to $5,000, 
and an additional $500 per annum for 
making maps of the several counties of 
the State. The survey was commenced 
in 1853 by Dr. J. G. Norwood. 

In 1858 Prof A. H. Worthen, the pre- 
sent State Geologist, was commissioned 
by Governor Bissell to take charge of the 
work. Annual reports were made to the 
Governor, without any appropriations 
for their publication until 1865. The 
general knowledge on the subject was 
so limited, and the desire of men of 
small calibre to make political capital 
under the convenient plea of economy, 
that a bill passed both Houses of the 
General Assembly, at the session of 18G1, 
to repeal all laws on the subject, and 



thus recklessly throw away all that had 
been accumulated. The interposition of 
the veto by Governor Yates wrested the 
work from the hands of the destroyers. 

At the session of 1865 an appropria- 
tion was made for the publication of 
the reports of the State Geologist. Early 
in 1866 the first volume of 504 octavo 
pages, with numerous illustrations, was 
published, and the second volume of 470 
pages appeared the same year. 

February 28, 1867, an act of the General 
Assembly was approved by Governor 
Oglesby, providing for the publication of 
the third volume of the reports, which 
appeared in 1868. It contained 574 pages. 
When the first volume of reports were 
prepared for the press there had not been 
a coal shaft sunk in Sangamon county,, 
and Prof. Worthen says : "No coal has 
given me more trouble and has left me 
more uncertain about its geological hori- 
zon, than the bank of the Sangamon 
River." 

In the third volume of his reports, 
speaking of the stratum mined in Sanga- 
mon county, by the shafts sunk since his 
first report, he says : "The coal from this 
seam is of excellent quality, and at some 
localities, as at Howlett, in Sangamon 
county, the coal is remarkably free from 
sulpliuiet of iron. * * * It is a harder 
and heavier coal than that from the seam 
above it, and appears to be by far the 
most valuable coal yet discovered in this 
portion of the State." 

In the same volume he says : "The pro- 
duct of (mr coal mines for the past year, 
1867, according to the most reliable sta- 
tistics we have been able to obtain, is 
fully 1,500,000 tons. There is, perhaps, 
no other area of equal extent in the Uni- 



44 



ted States where coal is so easily obtained, 
■with a moderate expenditure of capital, 
as in the Illinois coal fields." The facil- 
ities for mining have so increased since 
1867, by sinking so many additional 
shafts, that the product has, no doubt, 
been doubled since that time. 

An act of the General Assembly, ap- 
proved by Governor Palmer March 11, 
1869, provides for the publication of the 
fourth volume and for completing the 
filth. There has also been an appropria- 
tion for publishing the fifth volume— the 
manuscript for which was ready as early 
as September, 1870. The fourth volume 
appeared in January, 1871. The materials 
for the sixth volume are collected, and I 
am informed, by Prof. Worthen, that it 
will be ready for the press during the 
current year, and only awaits an appro- 
priation for its publication. When the 
fifth and sixth volumes are published, the 
entire survey of the State, by counties, 
will be before the people. 

The report on Sangamon county is not 
yet published, but will be in the fifth or 
sixth volume. It will show that all the 
workable coal beds in the State underlie 
Sangamon county. 

The accompanying section of the coal 
measures in Fulton county, copied from 
page 93, Vol. 4, report of State Geologist, 
will illustrate Sangamon county also : 
Section of the Coal Measures in Fulton County. 
4 to 6 feet. Thin bedded gray limestone. 

Shales but partially exposed. 
.R'-LHL.LHiLJiiM Coal beam No. 7. 

37 feet. Shale and sandy limestone. 

3 to 5 fuet. Arpillaceons limestone and bitu- 
minous shale. 

Coal seam No. 6. 

Pire clay and nodular limestone. 
15 to 20 feet. Sandstone and shale. 

I Black shales aad nodulea of limest. 



6PRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 

;1^ J Coal seam No. 5. 



15 to 20 feet. 




3 to 3 feet. 



2.5 to 30 feet. 



2 to 6 Teet. 



3 to 6 feet. 



Sandy and argillaceous shales. 

Bituminous shale and limestone 

Coal seam No. 4. 

Clay shale and septaria. 



60 to 80 feet. Sandstones and sandy shales. 



2 ta 6 feet. 



30 to 40 feet. 



40 to 60 feet. 



Dark bluesilicions limestone. 
Black shale. 

Coal seam No. 3. 



Argillaceous and sandy shales and 
sandstone. 



Coal seam No. 2. 



Sandstone and shale. 



3 to 6 feet. Bituminous limestone and band 

'jf iruu ore. 

1 to 6 feet. I Bituminous shale. 

Coal seam No. 1. 
Clay shale or fire clay. 



2 to 3 feet. 



20 to 30 feet. 



Conglom. sandstone and shale. 



Prof Worthen says : "The section con- 
structed in this (Fulton) county will be 
considered a typical one, and will be used 
for the co-ordination of the coal strata 
throughout the central and western por- 
tion of the State. We have found, here, 
seven consecutive seams, all exposed by 



ITS ADYANTAGE8 FOB MANUFAOTUEING. 



45 



their natural outcrop, witbiu the county, 
and all, except the upper one, have been 
worked to a greater or less extent. The 
aggregate thickness of these seams is 
about twenty-five feet, and their individ- 
ual range is from twenty inches to six 
feet in thickness." 

In a conversation with Prof. Worthen, 
which I am at liberty to use, he informed 
me that Sangamon county has all the 
workable coal strata found in any other 
part of the State ; hence, there is at least 
twenty-five feet, in thickness, of coal un- 
derlying the county. The stratum pene- 
trated by all the coal shafts in this county 
— of which I shall speak in another j)lacc 
— is either the fifth or fourth, he thinks 
it is the fourth. 

The Illinois coal fields extend over three- 
fourths of the State. Coal is found in 



seventy five of the one hundred and two 
counties of the State. 

"The usual mining estimate for the pro- 
ductive capacity of a coal seam gives one 
million tons of coal to the square mile 
for every foot in thickness that the seam 
will measure." 

In order to illustrate the inexhaustible- 
ness of the supply, we will take ten miles 
square, of which Springfield is the centre. 
This makes one hundred square miles. 
The stratum now being worked is six feet 
thick. If one foot depth, over one square 
mile, gives one million tons, six feet 
depth gives six million tons. Multiply 
that by one hundred, and it gives six 
hundred millions of tons or fifteen thou- 
sand millions of bushels on ten miles 
square. And this stratum is only one- 
fourth of the aggregate thickness of the 
coal we have. 



ARTESIAN WELL 



In tlic year 1S57 an arrangement was 
made, by which the City Council of 
SpriugfiL'ld, and some of the public spirit- 
ed citizens, agreed to contribute equally 
for the purpose of sinking an Artesian 
Well. June 15, 1857, an ordinance was 
passed, appropriating $3,000 to defray 
the expense on the part of the city. De- 
cember 20, 1858, $2,000 more was appro- 
priated, and again $2,000 March 7, 1859. 

Ex-Mayor John W. Priest was then 
Mayor of the city. From him I learn 
that the last appropriation was never 
used. The whole amount expended was 
about $10,000— half by the city and half 
by subscribers. The boring was carried 
down about eleven hundred feet and" 



then abandoned, leaving the greater part 
of the machinery in the earth. In pass- 
ing through the stratum of coal now 
mined here. Prof Norwood, the State 
Geologist, was in attendance, and pro- 
nounced the coal to be from twenty to 
twenty-four inches in thickness. The 
failure to understand its extent was, no 
doubt, owing to the fact that no precau- 
tions had been taken to keep out the 
water and mud from the boring. Mayor 
Priest says that if its real extent had been 
known, there is but little doubt that a 
shaft would have been sunk and mining 
commenced at that time. The boring 
was done at the side of Washington street, 
near the eastern limits of the city. 



--T 



46 



SPRINGFrELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



COAL MINING. 



THE HOWLETT MINE. 

The village of Hewlett is seven miles 
east of SjJringfield, at the oast side of 
Sanganioa River, and is in this county. 
It was formerly called Jamestown. On 
the 18th of December, 1S65, Mr. P. L. 
Howlett, who was then running a distil- 
lery at that place, attached boring appa- 
ratus to the machinery of his distillery, 
and commenced boring on the bank of 
the Sangamon, about twenty-Jive feet 
from the distillery. On the 4th of April, 
1866, he reached the coal, at a depth of 
210 feet. After passing through the coal, 
he supposed it to be eight feet thick. 
Many persons thought he was deceived in 
the thickness, among others Prof. Wor- 
then, the State Geologist, who thought 
the signs of coal might have been occa- 
sioned by pieces falling from the thin 
veins passed through above. Not willing 
to risk the expense of sinking a shaft 
while there was any doubt with regard 
to the existence of coal, although he was 
convinced in his own mind, Mr. Howlett 
moved his machinery to a more suitable 
place for sinking a shaft, by the side of 
the Toledo, Wabash and Western Rail- 
road, and commenced boring again May 
4, 1866. This time he put down five 
inch iron tubing, in order to keep any 
pieces of coal from falling out of the 
veins that he might pass. At a depth of 
197 feet he again reached what he sup- 
posed to be the coal, and, according to 
previous agreement, sent for Prof. Wor- 
then, who remained until the drill passed* 
through the coal, which he pronounced 
to be eight feet thick. It was afterwards 
ascertained that a little more than two 
feet of this was bituminous shale. June 
5th he commenced sinking a §Uaft, and 



Sept 5th, 1867, reached the coal, and at 
once commenced mining it to supply the 
market. The following statement of the 
substances passed through will give some 
idea of the geology of this part of the 
country : 

FEET IKOHES 

Clny ^ 11 

Soapstone 3 

BlackShale 2 9 

T. Coal 1 10 

Fire Clay 3 

Blue Limestone 3 

LightMarl 18 

Sand Stone 49 9 

Blue Soap Stone Shale 16 2 

Hard blneFos. Rock with iron balls. 3 

BlackSiiale 1 

C. Coal 2 

Fire Clay 4 6 

Dark Bine Shale 3 10 

Reddish Gray Clay Shale T 6 

Very hard Conglomerate Rock 3 R 

Reddish Gray Clay Shale 4 « 

Black Clay Shale 1 

Reddish Gray Clay Shale 4 6 

GrayLimeRock 8 

Gray Shale 2 

5. Coal and Rock mixed 1 

Fire Clay 7 6 

Light Sand Rock 16 

Gray Shale 16 2 

Variegate Lime Rock 1 6 

Hard Black Shale 2 6 

4. Coal 5 10 

Fire Clay 3 

205 6 

Soon after opening the mine, Mr. How- 
lett caused some of the coal to be sent to 
Chicago, to be analyzed by Prof. Blaney. 
After analyzing it, Prof. Blaney says : 

"The following is the composition of 

the coal, analyzed at your request : 

Moisture 0,480 

Volatile combustible matter 36,765 

Flxedcarbon 48,203 

Ash 8,552 

100,000 

"1^0^ test was made of the percentage 



ITS ADVANTAGES VO\l MAISTUFAOTURING. 



4Y 



of sulphur in the coal, as -there was net 
enough for that purpose ; but, from its 
appearance and the color of the ash, I am 
of the opinion that the amount must be 
very small. 

"The large jiroportion of volatile com- 
bustible matter in this coal would indi- 
cate a peculiar fitness for the manufacture 
of gas, as it is in this respect superior, in 
percentage, to the Youghogheney coal, 
of Pennsylvania, which is considered to 
be the standard coal for the manufacture 
of gas." 

After having his mine in good work- 
ing order, Mr. Howlett loaded several 
cars with coal and shipped it to Caron- 
delet, Missouri, to have it tested in mak- 
ing iron. The following from the fore- 
man of the iron works and from the 
proprietors, will show the result : 

Carondelet, Mo., May 14, 1868. 

This is to certify that I have managed 
the smelting of iron ore with coal brought 
here by P. L. Howlett, and it has ftxr ex- 
ceeded my expectation, making a good 
quality of iron, and more of it in twenty - 
four hours, than any other coal used in 
this — Carondelet — furnace ; and I fur- 
ther say that I have been raised a furnace- 
man, and followed it all my life, and am 
now forty-eight years old ; and I never 
have seen as soft, solid, white iron as this 
coal has made, and think that if I could 
have a fortnight's run on it I would be 
able to make A No. 1 foundry iron with 
it, as it always requires some time to ad- 
just the proportions of iron ore, lime and 
other materials to bring about the de- 
sired change. 

RoBEUT Adams. 

From the proprietors of the furnace : 
St. Louis, May 16, 1868. 
P. L. Iloidett, Esq., St. Louis Mo. 

Deae Sir : The test made of "Caron- 
delet Furnace" pig iron shows a tensile 
strength of twenty-seven thousand (27, 
000) pounds. The test made of the same, 
from one of the first heats, stood 12,000. 
Brazil pig stood 6,000. The standard 
for C. B. (cold blast) charcoal, is 22,000 



to 24,000. Our H. B. No. 1 charcoal is 
about 16,000. Respectfully, 

M. Woodward, Treas. 

The above test was made on iron made 
at our furnace, from Iron Mountain ore, 
and coal furni-shed by P. L. Howlett, from 
his mines near Springfield, III. 

McKkrnan, Lilly & Co. 

Mr. Howlett continued to work the 
mine until September, 1869, when it 
went into the hands of Jacob Bunn, of 
Springfield. March 20, 1870, the shaft, 
with 720 acres of land, was leased to C. 
O. Godfrey, of Hannibal, Mo. In May, 
1870, the Western Coal and Mining Com- 
pany was organized at Springfield, under 
the general laws of Illinois, with a capi- 
tal of $500,000. The Howlett mine then 
passed from the hands of C. O. Godfrey 
to the Western Coal and Mining Com- 
pany, This mine is now in a condition 
to take out 250 tons of coal per day. It 
keeps about 75 miners employed in sum- 
mer, and about 125 in winter, or an 
average of 100. The company has two 
mines at Danville, and have secured 
lands preparatory to opening one at 
Chapin, ten miles west of Jacksonville. 
They keep coal yards at Logansport, 
Lafayette, Decatur, Jacksonville and 
Springfield. At the Springfield yard 
there is always a supply of 
the Howlett coal. In addition to 
this they keep Blossburg and Anthracite 
coal and Connelsville coke, being the 
only yard in Springfield where such an 
as.oortnient is to be found. 

The officers of the Western Coal and 
^Mining Company are C. O. Godfrey, 
President; Edward Price, Secretary; 
F. Wilms, Cashier ; A. J. Bean, Super- 
intendent. The principal office of the 
company is under the Leland Hotel, at 
Springfield. 

J, o. loose's mine— south shaft. 

When Mr, Howlett commenced boring 
for coal, Mr, Loose was on the point of 
commencing also. He then madj ar- 
rangements with Mr. Howlett to take 



48 



8PRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



bis machinery, after that gentleman had 
gone as deep as he desired ; but when 
Mr. Hewlett decided to bore a second 
time, Mr. Loose sent to the oil regions of 
Pennsylvania, obtained a complete outfit 
and commenced boring in Jane, 1866. 

He went down to the coal, satisfied 
himself, and commenced sinking a shaft 
in Sept.. He kept the work moving the 
entire winter, and in April, 1867, reached 
the coal. In a very short time he was 
ready to supply the market, being the 
first man in the county to take coal from 
a shaft. 

His mine is 237 feet deep, and curbed 
with timber eight inches thick. It is 
caulked with oakum down to the first 
stone, seventy feet, in order to keep out 
the water. The shaft is eight by sixteen 
feet, and divided into three compart- 
ments — two of equal size, for the down- 
ward and upward movement of the 
cages, and a smaller one for ventilation. 
A furnace is built about seventy feet 
from the eye of the shaft, inside the 
mine, and is connected by a horizontal 
flue with the compartment for ventilation. 
A fire kept burning in the furnace, pro- 
duces a vacuum in the mine, which 
causes a current of cold air to flow down 
the two main compartments in the shaft, 
and the heated air passes up through the 
ventilating compartment, thus keeping 
the air in the mine pure. 

The money expended in sinking this 
shaft and fitting it up with steam engine, 
hoisting machinery and buildings, is 
about $80,000. Mr. Loose employs from 
fifty to one hundred miners, and takes 
out an. average of about 200 tons per 
day. Being at the crossing of two rail- 
roads, he has his machinery so arranged 
that he can coal two engines, load two 
cars and three wagons, at once, and if all 
were ready at the same moment, it could 
be done in one minute of time. 

BAUNDERSON & CO.'s MINE — NOETH SHAFT. 

"William Saunderson and William 
Beard, under the firm name of Saunder- 



son & Beard, commenced Feb. 10, 1867, 
about one and a half miles north of tho 
State House, and just outside of the city 
limits, at the east side of the Chicago and 
St. Louis Railroad, to sink a shaft. At 
a depth of sixteen feet they struck a vein 
of quicksand, which admitted so much 
water that they abandoned the spot and 
moved about three hundred yards further 
north and to the west side of the rail- 
road. 

Here they again commenced sinking a 
shaft, and after passing through several 
strata of coal too thin for mining, they 
came to a six foot stratum, at a depth of 
248 feet. The shaft was completed July 
15, 1867, but it was not until September 
that the buildings and machinery were 
ready for active operations. The works 
complete cost $40,000. In December, 
1868, Charles Hickox was admitted a 
partner, and the style of the firm changed 
to Saunderson & Co. 

During the winter months, about sixty 
miners are employed, but in summer the 
number is reduced about one-half. They 
take out of this shaft, on an average, the 
year round, about 100 tons, or teri car 
loads of coal per day, and have all the 
buildings, hoisting machinery and steam 
power, to take out 240 tons per day, if 
the market required it. Wm. Beard is 
is the Superintendent. 

The works of this firm being at the 
side of a railroad track, and between the 
city and Sangamon river, are finely 
situated to attract manufactories around 
them. They are prepared to offer special 
inducements in the way of land grants, 
and the cheapest and best of fuel, to par- 
ties desiring to engage in any branch of 
manufacturing. Their facilities for 
natural drainage is unsurpassed, and 
.their close proximity to the water works 
would make communication easy for any 
business that might require it. Manu- 
facturers looking for a location should 
not fail to call on Messrs. Saunderson «& 
Co. 



ITB ADVANTAGES FOE MANUTAOTURINQ. 



49 



BTARNE & 



SirOTT S MINE — WEST END 
SHAFT. 



Hon. Alexander Starne and G. W. 
Shutt, Esq., under the firm name of 
Starne & Shutt, broke ground June 
17, 1870, for the purpose of sinking a 
coal shaft. The site is at the north side 
of the northwestern extension, of the 
Pana and Southeastern Railroad, and is 
one and three-eighth miles west of the 
old State House. It is, therefore, very 
properly called the "West End Shaft." 

From fifteen to twenty men were kept 
steadily at work, from the commence- 
ment until the lOtli of September, when 
they reached a stratum of coal five feet 
ten inches thick, at a depth of 153 feet. 
The coal is the same as that mined in the 
other shafts in this vicinity, but the dif- 
ference in depth is all on the surface. 
This mine commences in a valley where 
the surface is from seventy-five to one 
hundred feet lower than at the north or 
south shaft. The cost of sinking the 
shaft was about twenty thousand dollars, 
but the other improvements in the way 
of buildings for the mines and miners, 
grading and improving the grounds, has 



involved an outlay of nearly sixty thou- 
sand dollars. 

This mine being yet new, has not room 
for a great number of miners to work, 
sixty-five being the most that has at any 
one time been engaged. They now keep 
thirty steadily at work, and take out 
from two to three thousand bushels, or 
from eighty to one hundred and twenty 
tons per day. 

Their steam engine, hoisting appara- 
tus, and all the other machinery and ap- 
pliances are equal to either of the other 
shafts, and when business justifies, they 
could double the quantity of coal pro- 
duced. 

Messrs. Starne & Shutt have one hun- 
dred and ten acres of land connected 
with their coal shaft, and in addition to 
its value for mining has some splendid 
situations for manufacturing establish- 
ments. The facilities for natural drain- 
age could not be better. Parties com- 
ing to Springfield for the purpose of 
seeking a location for almost any kind of 
a manufacturing establishment could not 
do better than by calling upon them. 



50 



SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



WATER WORKS, SEWERAGE AND GAS. 



SPRINGFIELD WATER WORKS. 

For the purpose of establishing water 
works, the city authorities of Springfield, 
a few years ago, purchased thirty acres 
of land adjoining the city on the north. 
From the business part of the city to this 
land, the surface rises gently until an 
elevation of eleven feet above the old 
State House grounds is attained. For 
the purpose of commanding as great an 
elevation as possible, the surface was 
made the bottom of the reservoir, and an 
embankment of 100 feet wide at the base, 
sloping equally inside and out, until it 
was raised to 23 feet in height and 20 
feet across the top. To make it water 
tight, the bottom and sides were puddled 
with blue clay and concrete, and the en- 
tire inside, e.Kcept the bottom, covered 
with slabs of Joliet stone, imbedded in 
cement. One tier of slabs, or flag stones 
are laid flat on the top at the inner bor- 
der, and a picket fence mounted on the 
stone around the enclosure. 

The reservoir is a square, rounded at 
the corners. It is 200 feet in diameter 
at the bottom, and about 275 at the tojj, 
inside, and has a cajjacity of 4,000,000 
gallons. The embankment is nicely sod- 
ded on the outside, and presents a beau- 
tiful appearance. The earth for making 
this embankment was taken from the 
grounds adjoining on the east, west and 
north, so as to make a miniature chain 
of lakes, with islands interspersed. These 
islands have shrubbery planted on them, 
and in time will form some of the most 
picturesque scenery imaginable. There 
is what is called a stand pipe in the cen- 
tre of the reservoir. It stands on the 
bottom, and is seventy feet high. It is 
embedded in a pedestal of concrete ma- 



sonry ten or twelve feet in diameter and 
octagonal in form. The pedestal rises 
four or five feet above the surface of the 
water. This stand jiipe is made of iron, 
and is three feet or more in diameter. 
On the pedestal at each of the eight 
sides there is a sea horse rampant, and a 
huge dolphin, four of each alternating, 
the whole fronting outward. Just above 
this group, there is a vase, twelve or fif-' 
teen feet in diameter, and about ten feet 
above the vase, four swans, life size, at- 
tached to the stand pipe. Sea horses, 
dolphins, swans and vase, are all made 
of iron. The crest of the stand pipe is a 
combination of iron work, highly orna- 
mental, aind extending outward on all 
sides. 

Three and one quarter miles north of 
the reservoir, on the bank of the Sanga- 
mon river, there is a house with a steam 
engine and two large pumps in it. There 
is also a very large well, about one hun- 
dred feet from shore, and connected by a 
tunnel. A very strong set of iron pipes, 
fifteen inches in diameter, is connected 
with the well and laid under ground; the 
three and a quarter miles to the reservoir 
passes under the embankment, and con- 
nects with the stand pipe at the bottom. 
These pumps at the riv^r are so arranged 
that either one can be made to form the 
connecting link between the well and the 
pipe leading to the reservoir. When 
connected, one of them throws ordina- 
rily 960 gallons per minuie, 57,600 per 
hour, or 1,382,400 in twenty-four hours, 
and this quantity can be doubled in an 
emergency. 

The top of the stand pipe is 170 feet 
higher than the pumps, and three and a 
quarter miles distant. Put the machinery 
in motion, and we can soon have the wa- 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 



51 



ter issuing on all sides, in the form of 
spray, from the ornamental work at the 
top of the stand pipe, and falling over 
the swans into the vase ; from there it is 
connected by pipes to the four dolphins 
below, and from the mouth of each of 
these a stream of water spouts into the 
reservoir. In order to conduct the wa- 
ter to where it is wanted for use, there 
is a fifteen inch jjipe laid from the re- 
servoir, under ground, about one mile 
into the city ; and where it is necessary 
to branch oflF, ten inch pipe is used, and 
again four inch, and so on down to the 
small pipes, leading into the different 
rooms of the houses. 

• I have said that the ground on which 
the reservoir stands is eleven feet above 
the city, and the water in the reservoir 
twenty-two feet higher, making thirty- 
three feet it will rise — when the pipes 
are properly placed in the houses — on 
the principle that water will find its le- 
vel. Some of the buildings are higher 
than this, and in order to supply them 
with water, the pumping machinery and 
pipes are so arranged, that when the en- 
gine is running at the river, water may 
be forced more than eighty feet above 
the surface, five miles away from the 
propelling power at the river 

These works are constructed with the 
view of supplying a city of forty or fifty 
thousand inhabitants, and as Springfield 
contains only about eighteen thousand, 
there is danger that too much water will 
be pumped up and overflow the reser- 
voir. This, however, is guarded against 
by an opening in the stand pipe, a foot 
or more below the level of the embank- 
ments. This opening in the stand pipe 
is connected by a smaller pipe, passing 
down inside the stand pipe, and out un- 
der the embankments, to the artificial 
lake with the islands in it, around the 
reservoir, thus preventing an overflow 
and supplying the artificial lake by the 
same operation. 

The whole work was designed by Mr. 
Henry Earnshaw, hydraulic engineer, of 



the Cincinnati water works. The engine, 
pumps, statuary, and all the ornamental 
iron work, was made at the foundry of 
Miles Greenwood, in Cincinnati. The 
construction of the work was superin- 
tended by John C. Ragland, of Spring- 
field, under orders from the commis- 
sioners—John Williams, C. W. Mathe- 
ney and Dr. H. Wohlgemuth. It was 
commenced June 1, 1866, and completed 
July 1, 1868, at a total cost of about 
1460,000. 

In addition to supplying the dwellings, 
business houses, hotels, factories, etc., 
with water, fire plugs are placed at con- 
venient distances from each other all 
over the city. With the two splendid 
steam fire engines, this affords ample 
protection against conflagrations ; so that 
a fire very rarely extends beyond a build- 
ing in which it originated. 

All the additional expense necessary to 
supply a population of fifty thousand 
persons will be the additional supply 
pipes to convey the water where it is 
desired. 

John C. Ragland continues to be the 
superintendent. 

SEWERAGE OF THE CITY. 

The southern one of the two ravines, 
between which the old North Carolina 
hunter pitched his tent, has for many 
years been called the Town Branch. It 
runs a little north of the Governor's 
Mansion, passes between the old and new 
State Houses, and running in a north- 
westerly direction, empties into Spring 
Creek, as already stated. Within the 
city limits it is all arched over and the 
ground leveled up above it. The open- 
ing is about ten feet in diameter, and is 
the miiin sewer for the drainage of the 
city. 

The system of sewerage is very elabo- 
rate, having already between twenty-five 
and thirty miles completed, ranging in 
size from two to ten feet. The sewerage, 
like the water works, will require but a 
little extension of pipes, mostly smaller 
than those already laid, to bring it up 



52 



8PEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



to the necessities of an equally large operation soon after. The works have 



population. 



GAS LIGHT COMPANY. 



Springfield Gas Light Company wss 
chartered by the General Assembly of 
Illinois, Feb. 27, 1854, and was put in 



been extended from time to time as the 
demand increased. The streets are light- 
ed with gas, and large quantities of coke 
made, which is used in the foundries. 
Mr. N. H. Ridgley is the owner of nearly 
or quite all the stock. 



CHURCHES, 



BAPTIST. 

First — Organized 1852. Number of 
members 340. Rev. Nehemiah Pierce, 
Pastor. Sabbath School has about 250 
pupils. Geo. W. Ingalls, Superintendent. 
North — Organized 1863. Number of 
members 160. D. F. Carnahan, Pastor. 
Sabbath School 120 scholars. D. F. Car- 
nahan, Superintendent. 

Oerman — Organized 1864. Number 
of members 60. Rev. George Brentz, 
Pastor. 

CATHOLIC. 

Church of Immaculate Conception — Or- 
ganized 1855. Number of members 
about 600 families or 3,000 persons. 
Rev. Father Brady, Pastor. Parochial 
Sabbath School contains 500 pupils, un- 
der the charge of the Sisters of Notre 
Dame, Mother Capstrana, and Patrick 
McMahan and Michael Kelly. 

St. Peter^s and St. PauVs — Organized 
1865. Number of memberg 170 families 
or 700 persons. Rev. Father Luekcn, 
Pastor. Sunday School numbers about 
175 scholars, and is taught by Frederick 
Jasper and Michael Haider. 
cnnisTiAN. 

Organized 1888. Rev. J. B. Crane, 
Pastor. Number of members 250. Sab- 
bath School contains 120 pupils. Wm. 
Lavely, Superintendent. 

CONGREGATIONAL. 

Organized February 6th, 1867, with 
74 members. Rev. J. H. McLane, Pastor. 



Number of members 153. Sabbath School 
numbers 165 scholars. D. G. Moore, Su- 
perintendent. Cost of Church and fur- 
nishing about |12,000. Money raised in 
the last four years $25,000, in 
addition to $5,258, to pay off debt on 
Church lots. The Church has a standing 
offer of $1,500 towards a Church organ, 
which will be accepted, and the instru- 
ment procured. 

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. 

St. PauVs — Located at the corner of 
Third and Adams streets, is one of 
the oldest Churches or organizations in 
the city, having been established about 
the year 1836. Rev. Chas. Dresser, D.D., 
was the first Pastor, and served the Pa- 
rish for seventeen years. The Rev. Jos. 
W. Pierson, Rev. L. P. Clover, Rev. W. 
F. B. Jackson, Rev. H. N. Pierce, D. D., 
and Rev. F. M. Gregg, A. M., have suc- 
ceeded him. The Parish is now in a 
highly prosperous condition and fully 
organized for work, numbering more 
than one thousand, with two hundred 
families and about 250 communicants. 
The Sunday School numbers 325 scho- 
lars, with 65 officers and teachers. Hon. 
George H. Harlow is Superintendent. 
By a single effort this Church recently 
liquidated a debt of about $;8,000. 

HEBKEW CONGUEGATION, 

Organized 1864. Rev. B. Deutsh, Pas- 
tor. Number of members 25. The Sab- 
bath School numbers 12 members. Rev. 
B. Deutsh, Superintendent. 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTUEING. 



53 



LUTHERAN. 

English. — This Church was organized 
in the year 1841, by Rev. Francis Sprin- 
ger, a well-known divine and school 
teacher. The Church comprised eight 
members — Jacob Divelbiss and John B. 
Weber, Esqrs., being the only members 
thereof now in the city. The Church or- 
ganization erected the present house of 
worship in the year 1853, at a cost of 
$8,000, since which time it has been con- 
siderably improved. The Pastor is Rev. 
E. E. Heilmann. Number of members 
130. Sabbath School numbers 185 scho- 
lars. W. Fychon, Superintendent, and 
C. C. Cromwell, Assistant. In 1866 the 
Lutheran Church separated into two divi- 
sions, which produced a very disastrous 
result uj^on the workings and prosperity 
of the Church. It is hoped an union 
may soou be perfected, and the result 
thereof be highly beneficial to the or- 
ganization. 

METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 

First, — Was organized in 1821, when 
there were about 40 members in this en- 
tire county ; and was made a station in 
October, 1834, with 100 members, and 
legally organized in October, 1838. Rev. 
Franklin W. Phillips, Pastor. Sabbath 
School numbers 325 scholars, with 500 
volumes in the library. A. W. Coleman, 
Superintendent. 

Second. — Organized^ in 1865 with 75 
members. Rev. E. D. Wilkin, Pastor. 
Number of members, 150. The Sabbath 
School numbers 150 scholars. R. F. 
Herndon, Superintendent. 

German Methodist.— Orgsmized in 1850, 
and church built in 1856. Rev. J. S. 
Keller, Pastor, Adam Donges, Local 
Preacher. Number of members, 34. 
Sabbath School has 60 scholars. Charles 
Kahn, Superintendent. 

PEESBYTERIAN. 

First, — Organized by Rev. John W. 
Ellis, January 30, 1828, since which time 
it has had five pastors. Rev. James A. 
—8 



Reed is the present pastor. The mem- 
bers of the congregation number 581, the 
communicants numbering 330. The 
Sabbath School contains 300 members. 
W. H. Hayden, Superintendent. Three 
colonies have been sent out by this 
church. In May, 1833, thirty members 
were dismissed to form the North San- 
gamon Church ; in May, 1835, thirty 
were dismissed to form the Second 
Church of Springfield ; and in January, 
1849, forty-two were dismissed to form 
the Third Presbyterian Church. 

Second. — Was organized May 26, 1835. 
Rev. Albert Hale, Pastor from July l.st, 
1840, to January 1st, 1867. Rev. G. H. 
Robertson, the present Pastor, began his 
labors April 21st, 1867. The present 
number of members is 400. The Sab- 
bath School numbers 325 scholars, and 
35 teachers. George M. Brinkerhoflf, 
Superintendent. 

Third. — Organized February 7, 1849, 
with 44 members. A. Stone, James L. 
Lamb and E. R. Wiley, Elders. Rev. R. 
V. Dodge was installed the first Pastor, 
May 1, 1849, and resigned October 1, 
1857. He was succeeded by Rev. J. C. 
Jennings, who in January, 1861, also re- 
signed. Rev. G. W. F. Burch was in- 
stalled October, 1861, and resigned Sep- 
tember 31, 1867. Rev. H. L. Paynter is 
the present pastor ; began his labors in 
June, 1870, and was installed October, 
1870. The church is quite prosperous, 
and the week and Sabbath services well 
attended. The collections for the last 
year were nearly $3,000. The Sabbath 
School library contains 300 volumes. 
The Sabbath School numbers 200 scholars 
and 20 teachers. E. R. Uhlrich is Super- 
intendent. 

First Portuguese. — Organized . 

Pastor, Rev. H. L. Harvey. Number of 
members, 100. Sabbath School, 60 schol- 
ars. 

Second. — Organized . Pastor, 

Rev. H. McKee. Number of members, 
105. Sabbath School, 50 scholars. 



64 



BPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



trNrVERSALIST. 

Organized by Rev. L. C. Marvin, Pas- 
tor, in 1852, and instituted in July, 1857> 
The society numbers 100 members, one- 
half of which number being members of 
the church. The church was dedicated 
December 24, 1858. Rev. Mr. Lombard, 



Pastor. The Sabbath School numbers 60 
scholars, and H. F. Smith is Superin- 
tendent. Notwithstanding this church 
has had to contend aejainst the most ad- 
verse circumstances and difficulties, it is 
now in a flourishing and prosperous con- 
dition. 



CITY SCHOOLS. 

By H. C. Watson. 



In the list of advantages possessed by 
Springfield, none is greater than that of 
her institutions of learning, her temples 
of instruction and her seats of popular 
and general education. Conforming to 
the requirements of the age of progress 
and of advancement, readily appreciating 
and acknowledging the fact that a peo- 
ple, to be free, intelligent and useful, 
must be educated, our city government 
has sought, by extending a liberal hand, 
to foster and promote within our midst 
the glorious and beneficent scheme of 
popular education. Springfield has said 
unto her citizens, educate your children, 
instruct your youth, without money and 
without price — thus placing within the 
reach of all, even the lowest, humblest 
and poorest, the greatest blessing a gov- 
ernment can bestow — a good and gener- 
ous education. 

In the earlier days of Springfield, ere 
her limits had been extended square 
miles, and her population was decidedly 
small, the educational facilities were not 
of the most magnificent description. No 
palatial school houses then reared their 
stately fronts within our limits, no school 
board supervised the movements of the 
educators of youth, and no army of 
teachers, patient, toiling instructors of 
the youthful mind were to be found 
within the boundaries of the city. These 
things belong to another day, are part 
and parcel of another system, another 



order and arrangement of affairs. "The 
boys of the period," in those days, ob- 
tained their supplies of "book larnin" 
— meagre and small as they were — from 
sources not so high or so grand, but far 
different indeed. One of the earliest, 
teachers who initiated those boys into 
the mysteries of reading and writing, 
and led them through the dark myste- 
rious ways of arithmetic and grammar, 
was Beaumont Parks, Esq., (forever sanc- 
tified be his memory.) Plain and simple 
as the most artless boy under his direc- 
tion, he was one of the best, most honest, 
and conscientious of teachers. Filled 
with a love of his profession, imbued 
with a strong desire to instruct the heart 
and mind of the youth committed to his 
control, that they might walk aright the 
pathway of life, hg labored faithfully 
and diligently to discharge his duty. 
Possessed of a fine cultered mind, and of 
attainments decidedly rare in those days, 
he pursued his unostentatious calling, 
asking not for public praise or high 
sounding plaudits, but only for the sat- 
isfaction of knowing he had discharged 
his duties faithfully and well. Some of 
our most influential and prominent citi- 
zens were his pupils, and the powerful 
influence of his teachings have been ex- 
erted indeed for good. Only a few weeks 
ago and he was called hence, full of 
honors and of years. And although he 
lives not, his deeds remain. 



ITS ADVAIITAGES FOB MANUFAOTUBING. 



65 



Rev. Francis Springer, a gentleman of 
fine attainments and ability, was another 
pioneer in the cause of education. He 
taught as early as 1839. In 1847 the 
Southern Theological and Collegiate In- 
stitute was chartered and organized 
at Hillsboro, and he was elected 
President, which j^osition he retained 
until 1855. In 1844 Mr. Springer 
assumed charge of the Springfield 
Academy, and continued until 1817. 
In August, 1856, he was elected Principal 
of the First Ward School, and elected 
Superintendent of city schools in 1860. 

Rev. John F. Brooks, and A. W. Esta- 
brook, Esq., were also early teachers, and 
for years were teaching at the Springfield 
Academy. Mr. Brooks opened a select 
school for young ladies on "Science Hill," 
South Fifth street, and Mr. Estabrook 
assumed control of the Third "Ward 
School. 

The first school in Springfield was 
taught by Andrew Orr, in 1821. Eras- 
tus Wright, Esq., followed him; and he 
was succeeded by Hon. Thomas Moflitt. 
The school at that time, numbered about 
50 pupils. His last term was in the old 
original court house. In 1828, a school 
house of rough logs was built near the 
corner of Adams and Second streets. 
This building also served for a church 
and other public ptJrposes. Mr. John B. 
Watson taught here until 1834. In 1830, 
Hon. John Calhoun conducted a school 
in another part of the city. After that 
time several small private schools were 
established, by Miss Jane C. Bergen, 
and Miss Chapin, and until March 
1st, 1839, were the only schools in the 
city. Beaumont Parks, Esq., taught a 
private school from 1840 to 1853. 

During the session of 1839 a joint stock 
association was formed, and the act to 
incorporate the "Springfield Academy" 
passed and approved. The to) lowing 
gentlemen constituted the first Board of 
Directors : Washington lies, F. Web- 
ster, Jr., S. T. Logan, J. F. Rague, N. 
H. Ridgley, Robt. Allen and Charles R . 



Matheny. Under their direction a fine 
brick building, on 5th, between Market 
and Mouro_e streets, was built and at 
once opened. In the fall of 1840, Rev. 
John F. Brooks, who was a thorough in- 
structor, took charge of it. In 18G3 the 
school ceased to exist. 

The Southern University was removed 
from Hillsboro and located here in 1853, 
with 166 pupils. Rev. Francis Springer 
was elected President, and served until 
the fall of 1855. The University, after 
many trials, is again in successful opera- 
tion. It' is hoped this institution will 
be again placed on a firm and reliable 
footing. Mr. W. Faucher, an energetic 
and well qualified teacher, now has 
charge of it. 

By an amended charter, approved 
March 3, 1854, the city was erected into 
the Springfield School District, and the 
city council authorized to establish and 
maintain free schools, for the education 
of all white persons between the ages of 
five and twenty-one. It was also em- 
powered to appoint a board of seven 
school inspectors. In accordance with 
this charter, an ordinance carrying it in- 
to effect was passed August 31, 1854. 
Preparations for erecting schools were 
at once made, and the First and Third 
Ward school houses completed in the 
spring, and opened the 14th of April, 
1856. The First Ward was under the 
control of Mr. Springer, the Third Ward 
under A. W. Esterbrook, Esq. The other 
ward schools were carried on in the 
basements of the Baptist and First Pres- 
byterian churches. 

At a meeting of the School Board, 
July 16, 1857, it was determined to con- 
fine instruction in the ward schools to 
the common English branches, and to 
recommend the formation of a High 
School. 

The school buildings in the Second 
and Third Wards were completed and 
opened, the 20th of September, 1858. 
Twenty-two teachers were at that time 
employed. In November of the same 



56 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



year the office of City Superintendent of 
Schools was created, and G. M. Cutcheon 
appointed to that position. At a meet- 
ing of the School Board, held December 
21, 1858, it was determined to establish 
a school for colored children. A build- 
ing on North Fifth street was procured, 
and Mr. Thomas York took charge of 
the school. Its session bee^an January 
10, and embraced 13 pupils. 

The School Board, in full session, on 
the 27th of July 1857, established the 
City High School. Beaumont Parks, 
Esq., was appointed Principal; the school 
was organized and held in a small build- 
ing. In 1858 it was transposed to the 
Fourth Ward school house. 

The present 
High School 
building was 
comme need 
and comple- 
ted in the 
summer of 
1865, at a co,-t 
to the city of 
$65,000. It is 
certainly one 
The High School Building. of the finest 
and most substantial buildings of the 
kind in the State, and is indeed an orna- 
ment to our city. 

The city now contains one magnificent 
High School building, four good ward 
school houses, and a flourishing school 
for colored children, which numbers 
about 110 pupils. The High School is 
one of the best institutions of learning in 
the State. Its course of study is thorough 
and complete, comprising all the higher 
branches taught in any public school. It 
is in the hands of competent instructors, 
and its influence is decidedly beneficial. 
Below will be found the names of Prin- 




cipals of schools and the average attend- 
ance at each : 

High School.— Prof E. P. Frost, 
Principal. Three assistants. Average 
number of pupils attending, 180. 

First Ward — J. O. Sampson, Princi- 
pal. Six assistants. Average number of 
pupils, 380. 

Second "Ward — A. J. Smith, Principal. 
Ten assistants. Average number of 
pupils, 602. 

Third Ward— C. F. Wilcutt, Princi- 
pal. Seven assistants. Average number 
of pupils, 480. 

Fourth Ward — James A. Mitchell. 
Principal. Ten assistants. Average 
number of pupils, 620. 

Colored School — Miss M. F. Jones, 
Principal. One assistant. Number of 
pupils, 110. 

The School Board is as follows : Hon. 
A. L. Knapp, President, Dr. John L. 
Million, John O. Rames, Hon. Wm. E. 
Shutt, Charles A. Helmle, Charles Ridg- 
ley. Dr. T. W. Dresser, Rev. J. K. McLean 
and Dr. B. M. Griffith. 

The City Superintendent is J. C. Ben- 
nett, Esq., a gentleman of rare attain- 
ments, a most successful teacher, and an 
energetic business man. In his hands 
are the interests of the city schools well 
placed. His administration will redound 
to his honor, and tli^profit of the cause 
of education in our city. The teachers 
of the city schools are well worthy the 
positions assigned them and the trust 
bestowed. They will compare with any 
teachers in any city east or west. Under 
these auspices who can doubt the pros- 
perity and influence of our school sys- 
tem, who can question its great and val- 
uable workings? No one can, but must 
reach the conclusion that our public 
schools are the brightest jewels in the 
crown of SpriugfieJd's glory. 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANTJFAOTUBING. 



67 



INDEPENDENT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 



BETTIE STUART INSTITUTE. 

Numerous efforts have been made in 
Springfield, at various periods of its ex- 
istence, to establish an institution of 
learning, in which the daughters of its 
citizens, after having availed themselves 
of all the advantages to be derived from 
the common schools, could pursue their 
studies in the higher branches of learn- 
ing without passing away from the 
parental guardianshij). 

In the early part of 1868,Mrs. M. McKee 
Homes opened a private boarding and 
day school for young ladies and children. 
The building in which her school opened 
was not suitable for the purpose, but she 
organized each department in regular 
order at the beginning, with a corps of 
eight teachers, and during the first year 
admitted seventy-five pupils. The citi- 
zens of Springfield were not slow to per- 
ceive Mrs. Homes' ability to manage an 
institution for the education of their 
daughters, and beganj,to feel the impera- 
tive necessity of providing suitable build- 
ings to accommodate the school. 

To accomplish this, a few of the public- 
spirited citizens, in the month of July, 
]869, elfected an organization under the 
general laws of the State of Hlinois for 
the incorporation of academies. About 
this time it became known that the resi- 
dence of C. C. Brown, Esq., could be ob- 
tained upon very advantageous terms 
for such a purpose. Funds were raised 
to the amount of $25,000, the property 
secured, and measures taken to erect the 
necessary additional buildings. The in- 
stitution was named for Mrs. C. C. Brown, 
deceased, who was a daughter of the 
Hon. John T. Stuart, and in memory of 



her it was called the Bettie Stuaet In- 
stitute. 

With the addition of the new building, 
the entire edifice is ninety feet front, 
seventy-five feet deep and two and a half 
stories high, making as symmetrical a 
home for a young ladies' collegiate insti- 
tute as though it had originally been 
designed for the purpose. It has capaci- 
to to accommodate about two hundred 
pupils. 

The second year, the average attend- 
ance was nearly doubled and the num- 
ber of instructors increased to eleven. 
The institution is now in the last half of 
the third year, and is increasing in use- 
fulness and efiiciency. All the teachers 
and a limited number of the pupils 
board in the institution, where they are 
under the influences of a Christian Home. 

The ability of the instructors, the 
methods of teaching and the high stand- 
ard of scholarship, place the Bettie 
Stuart Institute on an equality with the 
best schools for young ladies in the west. 
The first term of each year commences on 
the first "Wednesday in September, which 
for the current year is the sixth day of 
the month. Persons wishing to know 
more of the school, can do so by address- 
ing either of the following board of 
trustees. Hon. John T. Stuart, John 
Williams, Esq., Jacob Bunn, Esq., Hon. 
J. C. Conkling, John A. Chesnut, Esq., 
G. W. Chatterton, Esq., Dr. A. W. 
French, Gov. John M. Palmer, or Mrs. 
M. McKee Homes, Principal, Springfield, 
111. ' 

SPEINGFIELD BUSINESS COLLEGE. 

This institution has been in operation 
about eight years. During that time 
hundreds of young men have pursued 



58 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



the necessary studies -witliin its walls to 
enable them to jjass immediately from 
the College into the arena of business 
and keep accurate records. An extended 
scholarshii) in this College is good in 
any school of the great "International 
Business College Association." 

The present proprietor, Mr. S. Bogar- 
dus, is a graduate of the Illinois State 
Normal University, at Bloomington, 
which is the best guaranty that he is 
well qualified for the discharge of the 
duties he has assumed. 

All the common English branches are 
taught in this College, but when the pre- 
paratory studies have been successfully 
pursued. Special attention is given to 
the full Commercial Course, in which the 
following branches are represented, viz : 
Stock and Partners, Jobbing and Im- 
porting, Farming, Administrator's Busi- 
ness, Commission, Forwarding and Re- 
ceiving, Steamboating, Railroading and 
Banking. We find the College has offi- 
ces fitted up for the transaction of va- 
rious branches of business, and after the 
student has mastered the theoretical 
work, he or she opens and transacts a 
month's business and closes one set of 
books in retail transactions, one in job- 
bing and importing, and one in commis- 
sion and forwarding, with real merchan- 
dize, as it is done in practical business. 

Besides the above, there is a partial 
course to accommodate those whose cir- 
cumstances do not admit of their taking 
a full course. 

Telegraphy is taught, not in theory 
only, but practically, with the best of in- 
stuments. The learner is taught to send 
and receive communication, take down, 
clean and set up a battery, and all other 
information necessary to qualify him for 
managing an office. 

In short, a young man with the neces- 
sary preparatory studies and of ordinary 
labilities, after taking a full course in 
this institution, has a capital that wili 



enable him to enter successfully upon al- 
most any branch of business. 

The utility of a good, thorough school 
of this kind is acknowledged by all re- 
liable business men, and the citizens of 
Springfield may well be proud of their 
own Business College. 

SAINT Joseph's xirguline convent 
Was established in the year 1855, at the 
corner of Mason and Fifth streets. The 
buildings were burned in the winter of 
1868. A new location was secured, out- 
side the city limits, on the line of North 
Fifth street, and in 1866 a fine large edi- 
fice was erected, at a cost for grounds and 
buildings of about $75,000. 

It has in regular attendance from fifty 
to seventy-five scholars, and from ten to 
twelve teachers. 

Rev. Mother Mary Joseph, Lady Su- 
perior. 

LUTHERAN TJNIVEESITY. 

This institution was organized in 1847 
at Hillsboro, Montgomery county, and 
chartered by the General Assemby that 
winter. It was denominated the Hills- 
boro Collegiate and Theological Insti- 
tute. Rev. Francis Springer, of this city, 
was elected President, and served until 
1855. In 1853 the college was removed 
to Springfield, and the present college 
building erected at a cost of $30,000, 
Upon the resignation of Mr. Springer, 
Rev. Mr. Harkey succeeded, and acted 
as President until he was succeeded by 
Rev. W. M. Reynolds, D. D., who termi- 
nated his connection with the institution 
in 1855. Owing to the division in the 
Lutheran church, this college has been 
seriously embarrassed and its workings 
materially impeded. It is hoped, how- 
ever, that these troubles will soon termi- 
nate,and that the University will be again 
placed on a firm basis. Mr. W. Fychon, 
a teacher of much merit and experience, 
now has charge of the eiducational de- 
partment, and is well qualified to dis- 
charge the duties of the position. 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOB MANUFAOTUBING. 



59 



BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS OF SPRINGFIELD. 



THE SPRINGFIELD HOME FOR THE FIWEND- 

LKSS. 

By Mr. J. A. Chesnut. 

The origin of this institution may be 
traced to a conversation in the year 18G2, 
between two citizens of Springfield, both 
now deceased. In that conversation Dr. 
Lathrop said to Hon. Antrim Campbell 
that he knew of fifty children in one 
neighborhood, withm the city, needing 
charitable aid. This information moved 
the ever charitable mind of Mr. Camp- 
bell to seek and put in operation some 
plan of relief for these and other chil- 
dren of the city in like condition. 

Mr. Campbell, to carry out the plan of 
relief he had matured, applied to the 
Legislature for an act to incorporate a 
board of lady managers of an institution 
with the above title. The act was duly 
passed, and approved on the 13th of 
Feb'y, 1863. 

The ladies named in the act who were 
to serve as managers until the first Mon- 
day in January, 1864, were : Mrs. Eliza 
Pope, Mrs. Mercy Conkling, Mrs. Louisa 
Draper, Mrs. Susan Cook, Mrs. Lydia 
Williams, Mrs. Elizabeth Bunn, Mrs. Har- 
riet Campbell, Miss Ann Eastman, Mrs. 
Maria Lathrop, Mrs. Mary Hay, Mrs. 
Catharine Hickox, Mrs. Mary Ann Den- 
nis and Mrs. Elizabeth Matheny. 

The act of incorporation made Hon. S. 
H. Treat, first President ; Geo. Passfield, 
sr., first Vice-President ; Geo. P. Bowen, 
first Secretary; and Jacob Bunn, first 
Treasurer. 

The second section of the charter de- 
clares the object of the incorporation to 
be " the relieving, aiding and providing 
homes for friendless and indigent women 
and children." 



Any person may become an annual 
member by payment of one dollar ; and 
may become a life member by payment 
of ten dollars at one time. 

The corporation is authorized to re- 
ceive and hold, either by gift, purchase, 
devise, bequest or otherwise, any real or 
personal estate in aid of its objects. 

The board of managers is the legal 
guardian of all children placed in its 
charge, according to the charter, and 
may bind them out to any honorable 
trade or employment. 

The father, if living and crippled, may 
surrender his child to the Home. If he 
has absconded, or is otherwise incapable, 
the mother can make the surrender. 

In certain cases, the Judge of a Court 
of Record, the Mayor of the city of 
Springfield, or any justice ot the peace 
within the city, may make such surrender. 

This is not a Home exclusively for or- 
pTian cliildren, but fox friendlei^s andindi- 
gent children. It is not intended to be a 
permanent Home, but a place of tempo- 
rary refuge and provision, and until 
other good homes can be procured for 
them. 

The first meeting under the act of in- 
corporation was held at the residence of 
Hon. J. C. Conkling, on the 9th March, 
1863. At this meeting both Judge Treat 
and Mr. Passfield declined the oflfices for 
which they had been named in the char- 
ter ; thereupon S. H. Melvin was elected 
President, and James Campbell Vice- 
President. 

The board being now organized, began 
arrangements for procuring ground and 
building. Major E. lies donated an en- 
tire square on South Grand Avenue, be- 
tween 7th and 8th streets. A subscrip- 



60 



SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



tion was started among the citizens, and 
the sum of $5,620 was obtained. This 
was supplemented by a contribution from 
the city of $2,000, and by the county of 
Sangamon $5,000. 

In the spring of 1864, a building com- 
mittee was appointed, consisting of An- 
trim Campbell, Col. John "Williams, John 
S. Bradford, J. S. Vredenburg, John 
Armstrong and John A. Chesnut. At 
the request of this committee, Mr. E. E. 
Myers, architect of this city, prepared a 
design and drawings for a building, 
which was approved by the committee. 

The building is three stories, with 
Mansard roof — is of brick, tasty propor- 
tions, and well built. It affords accom- 
modations for about 200 children. 

The house was finished and occupied 
early in the year 1865. The value of the 
ground was estimated at $8,000, and the 
entire cost of the building was about 
$30,000. The house was erected under 
the superintendence of Messrs. Sutton 
and Runyon. 

In the year 1868 Mrs. R. E. Goodell 
asked and obtained leave to lay out the 
grounds into walks, and to ornament 
them with shrubbery — all of which was 
handsomely done. While she took the 
leading part in this improvement, she re- 
ceived assistance from other citizens. 
The grounds are now beautifully orna- 
mented, and the streets, on every side, 
set with elm shade trees. The house is 
supplied with water from the city water 
works. 

On the first of May, 1864, the mana- 
gers opened "The Home" in a rented 
house, on North Fifth street. Mrs. Nancy 
M. Britton was the first matron. About 
60 children were received, and most of 
them placed in homes during the first 
year. 

The Home has now been open for just 
seven years, and there have been between 
900 and 1000 children recfiived into it. 
There are, at this date, 31 children. Be- 
sides these, the greater number of those 
received have been placed in homes of 



comfort and positions of thrift and use- 
fulness. Some have died, some have been 
taken away by their families, and a few 
have preferred the freedom of out door 
life, and have departed without leave. 

There are, at jiresent, in the Home, 
eight aged and otherwise indigent women, 
some fif whom have been its inmates for 
years. 

The benefits of this institution have 
been quite beyond measurement by the 
dollars and cents employed in its erection 
and the support of its helijless inmates. 
It requires an average of $4,000, per an- 
num, to meet its current expenses. This 
involves a heavy responsibility upon the 
ofiicers and managers. It requires work ; 
but that has been cheerfully given. The 
Board of Supervisors of the county has 
treated the Institution with generosity. 
Every year they have voted considerable 
sums in aid of it. Indeed, it is doul>tt'ul 
whether it could have been sustained 
through these years without their friendly 
aid. The ladies deserve great credit for 
their enterprise in getting up fairs and 
in procuring private subscriptions, etc. 
Much has been contributed to its treasury 
by musical concerts, lectures, etc., etc. 
The public, pretty generally, have acted 
towards it as if the little ones in the 
Home were their respective wards. Some 
mechanics have made liberal donations 
on their bills, for work done — especially 
is this true of Mr. R. B. Zimmerman. 
Dr. Townseud, Dr. Barrell and Dr. Ro- 
man have bestowed faithful professional 
services, without a dollar of compensation. 
A benevolent lady of this city is putting 
up window blinds at this time, which 
will cost several hundred dollars. Mr. 
Thomas Strawbridge, Mr. George Judd 
and Mrs. Mary Lyons have been very 
liberal in their contributions. And these 
are only a few of those who have distin- 
guished themselves in the same way. 

Mrs. James C. Conkling has been one of 
the managers, from the first to this pi'es- 
ent day, and has ever borne a most re- 
sponsible and pains-taking part. The 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOB MANTIFAOTTJEING. 



61 



present Board of Managers consists of the 
following ladies : Mrs. J. C. Conkling, 
Mrs. J. A. Chesnut, Mrs. Louisa Dresser, 
Mrs. R. B. Zimmerman, Mrs. J. Stonebar- 
ger, Mrs. N. V. Hunt, Mrs. J. Bunn, Mrs. 
Wm. Jayne, Mrs. Isaac Keys, Mrs. Jacob 
Foster, Mrs. J. D. Wickersham, Mrs. Jo- 
seph Wallace, Mrs. John Prather, Mrs. 
Harvey Edwards, Miss A. Clinton, Mrs. 
Mary Lyons, Mrs. J. D. Roper, Miss Sue 
Bradford, Mrs. B. H. Ferguson, Mrs. Dr. 
Townsend, Mrs. C. W. Matheny, Mrs. R. 
P. Abell, Mrs. R. D. Lawrence and Mrs. 
L. H. Coleman. 

The officers are : S. H. Melvin, Presi- 
dent ; J. A. Chesnut, Vice-President ; 
J. S. Bradford, Treasurer ; J. W. Lane, 
Secretary. 

There is, at present, a vacancy in the 
office of matron. Miss S. M. Doane is the 
teacher, and has present charge of the In- 
stitution. 

HOME FOR FALLEN WOMEN. 

Nearly every reader of these pages has 
heard of George MuUer, and how he has 
sustained his Orphans' Home in England, 
for so many years, without asking aid 
from any human being. It inspires us 
with more exalted ideas of the ever-mer- 
ciful Father, to contemplate the life of 
faith and prayer that is brought into ex- 
ercise while thus engaged. Few, com- 
paratively, of the citizens of Springfield 
are aware that a similar work has been 
progressing in their midst for more than 
three years. It is for their information 
that I write this article. 

Having learned that there was an insti- 
tution in the city for the purposes indi- 
cated by the heading of this article, I 
sought out the Christian gentlemen who, 
I was told, could give me all the infor- 
mation on the subject. He said he wish- 
ed to have a little time to think. It was 
then mutually agreed that he should pre- 
pare a written statement and drop it in 
the post office, to my address. He did 
that which was more gratifying to my 
feelings by delivering it in person. 
—9 



I ran my eye over the paper and then 
asked, "Who are these six friends of fiUen 
humanity that inaugurated this work?" 
He replied substantially and somewhat 
diffidently, "that it would probably be 
more agreeable to their feelings not to be 
named, and, consulting his own feelings, 
it would be decidedly preferable to leave 
all nameless ; that whatever good had been 
done, the honor belonged not to men but 
to God." 

On being assured that my only aim was 
to mention the work in such a way as to 
enlist others who had not given any aid, 
and that I wished to say just what would 
be agreeable to the founders of the Institu- 
tion, it was definitely settled that no 
names were to be mentioned. 

As he was about leaving the room, I 
sui^pose he thought of the noble Christian 
woman who is laboring with such unsel- 
fish devotion to elevate her fallen sisters, 
and turning half round, said : "There is 

the matron ." Then, as if the 

thought of mentioning no names returned, 
he passed out. 

They ask none but God for heli^ ; it 
may be that He expects you to respond 
for Him. That is for you to decide, after 
reading the statement below. Although 
no names are given, if you desire to assist 
you can easily find the location of the 

HOME AND HOSPITAL FOE FALLEN WOMEN, 

" Situated at the southeast corner of 
Twelfth and Cass streets. This place of 
refuge was found to be a necessity, by a 
few persons who had been led to visit 
the houses of sin in our city, to tell the 
glad tidings of salvation to those who 
had fallen, by their own and others' sins, 
into this fearful and abandoned position. 

These girls, most of them young, were 
without any settled place of abode, hav- 
ing forfeited their homes by their own 
acts ; they now looked forward only to 
a life of increasing wickedness, dissipa- 
tion, degradation, and a hopeless eternity. 

Some were found who longed to get 
back into a better life. In order to do 



62 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



this they must have a home to start from 
— a home that would be to them all that 
their their own should have been — a good 
mother to care for, instruct, nurse, and 
again bring them back to a love of virtue 
and to God, and above all lead them to 
Jesus, who is able to save to the utter- 
most all who come to God by him. In 
this way, only, could they be fitted to re- 
turn to their homes, or make an honor- 
able living elsewhere, become useful in 
life and happy forever, instead of being 
a curse to themselves and the world. 

"With the view of providing this indis- 
pensable aid to these vicious and neglect- 
ed girls, whom the Saviour loves, six of 
His and their friends, without society or 
organization, bought this pleasant home 
and ample grounds, and on the 4th of 
May, 1868, had it comfortably furnished 
and opened, to receive all of this class 
who would come with proper motives. 

This Home has also been a lying-in 
hospital for children born out of wed- 
lock, and by this means has almost inva- 
riably saved those young, often cruelly de- 
ceived mothers, from a life of open shame. 

Since/)peuing, our Home has been twice 
enlarged and another building rented, 
and at times all have been full. Since 
the purchase of the building no one but 



God has been asked for a dollar, and yet 
we have lacked nothing. Every want 
has been supplied and every anxiety re- 
moved—all has been voluntarily given. 
God has, through this humble Home, 
brought many weary souls from a life of 
shame into his own rest, and has said to 
many here, "Go, and sin no more." 

The total number received during our 
three years existence has been two hund- 
red and thirty-five. Of these one hund- 
red and eighty were women, the princi- 
pal part of whom were under twenty 
years of age. Fifty-five children have 
been inmates of the Home, twenty -five of 
whom wex'e born there, and all except 
two illegitimate. 

The family has averaged thirty persons 
from the beginning. A majority of those 
who have been members of our family 
are doing well, many of whom have been 
returned to their friends. Several have 
married, and others are making good 
livings, in diiferent occupations, by their 
own efforts. 

Our hospital department has been gra- 
tuitously attended by two of our city 
physicians, and medicines have been gra- 
tuitously furnished by one of our city 
druggists." 



PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 



SPRINGFIELD LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 

Was incorporated under the general 
laws of the State, March 15, 1866. The 
library was ojjened to subscribers Feb. 
23, 1869, with a catalogue of 1,300 vol- 
umes. The number of books now in the 
library is about 8,500. The amount of 
money expended in the purchase of 
books and fitting up the library is some- 
thing over $5,000. Dr. Samuel "Willard 
was librarian from the time it was opened 



until Sept. 1, 1870, when he resigned, 
and Miss. E. Gertrude Seaman was chos- 
en to occupy that position. 

The capital stock authorized by the 
articles of association is $20,000. Fifty 
dollars paid at one time constitutes the 
person paying the same a life member, 
and secures the use of the Library, 
and one vote during life. Shares of 
stock are ten dollars. A stock holder 
can have the use of the Library and one 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOK MANUFACTURING. 



63 



vote, by paying three dollars annually. 
Perswns who are neither stock holders 
or life members can have the use of it by 
paying five dollars annually. The selec- 
tion of books includes the very choicest 
works of reference, history, geography 
and travels, biograpliy, theology, ethics, 
ecclesiastical history, philosophy, politi- 
cal science and education, science and 
art, poetry and drama, novels, juvenile 
works and general literature. 

The directors are Charles Ridgely, E. 
F. Leonard, George N. Black, F. H. 
Wines, B. M. Griffith and C. L. Conk- 
ling. 

The ofiicers are Geo. P. Bowen, Pres't; 
George H. Harlow, Vice Pres't.; Tingley 
S. Wood, Treasurer ; Samuel T. Dresser, 
Recording Secretary ; Calvin H. Flower, 
Corresponding Secretary ; Miss E. Ger- 
trude Seaman, Librarian. 

GEKMAJSr READING ASSOCIATION 

Was founded in 1866, and has four 
thousand volumes in tjje library, princi- 
pally in the German language. H. Wei 
sel is the Librarian. 

CATHOLIC INSTITUTE ASSOCIATION. 

The Catholic Institute Association and 
Debating Society, was organized in 
18G8. The library contains over one 
thousand standard works, comprising 
many rare and valuable publications, and 
constant additions are being made there- 
to. 

The Library Club numbers fifty mem- 
bers, and holds its sessions weekly. The 
Association, also, has fifty members. 

The following are the ofiicers of the 
Association : William White, President; 
J. A. Kennedy and Ed. Ryan, Vice Pres- 
idents ; Richard Barry, Recording Secre- 
tary ; Charles Crowley, Corresponding 
Secretary ; P. O'Connor, Treasurer ; 
Thomas ullen. Librarian ; P. J. Rourke, 
Agent. 

ILLINOIS STATE LIBEAET. 

This 'Library is designed for the use of 
the ofiicers of State, members of the Leg- 
islature, etc., they being the only parties 



allowed to take books away from the Li- 
l>rary. Any citizen, however, can visit 
the Library and consult any work there. 

It contains 2,530 volumes of miscella- 
neous works, and about 7,000 volumes 
of the publications of the United States 
and of the several States, including copies 
of all the publications of Illinois. This 
makes the library proper about 10,000 
volumes. These, with surplus cojiies of 
Illinois publications and incomplete sets 
of duplicate miscellaneous works, swell 
the number to 38,143 volumes, in the 
care of the Librarian. 

The catalogue of miscellaneous books 
comprise some choice selections of works 
of reference, history, biography, philoso- 
phy, science and art, and a small num- 
ber of volumes in the German language. 

The State department contains the 
colonial laws of many of the old thirteen 
States ; laws of the Territory and State 
of Illinois ; laws of the Congress of the 
United States, with Senate and House 
reports ; re^Dorts of the United States 
census ; Congressional Globe, etc., etc. 
This library is at present in a room on 
the first fioor of the old State House, at 
the west side, and is in the custody of 
the Hon. Edward Rummel, Secretary of 
State, who is ex officio State Librarian. 

THE LAW LIBRARY 

Is the property of the State also. It 
is in the old State House, on the first 
floor and the north-east corner room. It 
contains about 5,000 volumes, composed 
of the reports of the United States 
Courts, and of the Supreme Courts of the 
several States ; text books, digests and 
statutes, and English, Irish and Scotch 
reports. 

There is also a great number of Con- 
gressional Documents, American Ar- 
chives, Secret Journals of Congress, and 
a small number of miscellaneous books, 
among which are Appleton's Cyclopedia 
and the Encyclopedia Brittanica. This 
Library is also in the care of the Secre- 
tary of State. 



64 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR OFFICERS. 



MASONIC BODIES. 

Springfield No. 4.— R. J. Coats, W. M. ; 
Henson Robinson, S. W. ; Geo. Edwards, 
J. W. ; Wm. Lavely, T. ; J. B. Hammond, 
Secy. ; L. F. Dyson, S. D. ; Jno. Smith, 
J. D. ; Jas. Watson, Tyler. 

Central No. 71.— Chas. Fisher, W. M. ; 
C. C. Cromwell, S. W. ; Richard Young, 
J. W. ; N. Bateman, T. ; Harry C. Wat- 
son, Secy. ; Z. A. Enos, S. D. ; J. H. Fan- 
cher, J. D. ; J. Watson, Tyler. 

Tyrian No. 333.— J. C. Reynolds, W. 
M. ; S. H. Claspill, S. W. ; B. W. Ayers, 
J. W. ; O. H. Miner, T. ; John B. Saye, 
Sec; John F. Burrill, S. D. ; J. D. My- 
ers, J. D. ; J. Watson, Tyler. 

St. PauVs No. 500.— L. H. Bradley, 
W. M. ; A. L. Knapp, S. W. ; B. S. Ed- 
wards, J. W. ; John Peters, T. ; E. R. 
Roberts, Secy. ; J. F. McNeil, S. D. ; J. 
Bradley, J. D. ; J. Watson, Tyler. 

Springfield Royal Arch Chapter No. 1. 
— John F. Burrill, H. P. ; Richard Young, 
K. ; J. McBurnett, S. ; S. H. Claspill, C. 
of H. ; Z. A. Enos, P. S. ; R. S. McGuire, 
S. ; Wm. Lavely, T. 

Springfield Council No. 2. — J. C. Rey- 
nolds, T. I. G. M. ; R. J. Coats, Dept. T. 
I. G. M. ; J. F. Burrill, P. C. W. ; O. H. 
Miner, T. ; John B. Saye, Secy. ; B. F. 
Caldwell, Capt. of Guard; S. H. Clas- 
pill, Cond'r; A. R. Robinson, Sentinel. 

Elwood Commandary No. 6, K. T. — R. 
L. McGuire, E. C. ; J. B. Hammond, 
Gens. ; W. A. Turney, C. G. ; L. B. Smith, 
Recorder ; J. S. Fisher, T. ; Richard 
Young, S. W. ; T. G. Gorman, S. W. ; J. 



L. Crane, Prelate ; L. Rosette, Warden ; 
Dwight Brown, S. B. ; John P. Baker, 
Sword Bearer; G. Burkhardt, Sentinel. 

ODD FELLOWS ORGANIZATIONS. 

Sangamon Lodge No. 6. — Wm. Stadden, 
N. G. ; W. A. Duggins, V. G. ; H. O. 
Bolles, R. S. ; J. D. Roper, P. S. ; John 
A. Hughes, T. ; Ed. Henderson, W. ; 
Chas. Freitag, I. G. ; John Wolfe, O. G. ; 
Wm. Kirby, Conductor. 

/. 0. 0. F. — Teutonia Lodge. — Joseph 
Saul, K G. ; Jacob Eberlin, V. G. ; Fred. 
Weiss, R. Secy. ; S. Hecht, P. Secy. ; G. 
Burkhardt, Treas. 

Prairie State Encampment No. 16. — J. 
D. Roper, C. P. ;' S. J. Willett, H. P. ; 
John Wolfe, S. W. ; John A. Hughes, J. 
W. ; L. F. Dyson, Scribe ; J. C. Beam, T. 

Knights of Pythias — Capitol Lodge No. 
14.— J. D. Roper, W. C. ; S. J. Willett, 
V. C. ; E. N. Dangerfield, V. P. ; J. H. 
Hull, R. S. ; A. T. Smith, F. S. ; John A. 
Hughes, B. ; A. E. Rae, I. S.; C. DeCamp, 
O. S. ; A. E. Henkle, G. ; S. J. Willett, 
J. B. Hammond and J. L. Hudson, Trus- 
tees. 

Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers — 
Division No. 23. — George R. Hough, C. 
H. Button, F. E. ; E. T. Harris, S. E. 
P. Teal, F. A. E. ; A. Marney, S. A. E. 
H. Hamilton, T. A. E.; J. M. Smith, 
Guide; B. Mallard, Chaplin. 

Emmis Lodge No. 67, Independent Order 
Beni Berith. — L. Benjamin, Pres't ; R. 
Springer, V. P. ; S. Rosenwald, ul. ; S. 
Redlich, A. M. ; M. Myers, W. ; M. A. 
Long, Secy ; G. Friscb, T. ; M. Myers, S. 
Rosenwald and M. A. Long, Trustees. 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTURINa. 



65 



SOME OF THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS, WITH THE 
COST OF CONSTRUCTION. 



UNITED 6TATES BUILDINGS. 

Court House and Post Office . . . $330,000 

STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

The Governor's Mansion $100,000 

State Arsenal and grounds 25,000 

COUNTY BUILDINGS. 

Court House $ 16,000 

County Jail 7,570 

CITY IMPROVEMENTS. 

South Market, corner Fourth and 

Monroe streets .$ 40,000 

North Market, corner Fifth and 

Madison streets 22,000 

City Hall and Lot 7,000 

First Ward Enginfe House . 5,000 

Second Ward Engine House 10,000 

High School 65,000 

1st, 2d, 3d and 4th Ward School 
Houses, $25,000 each 100,000 

The following list gives the cost of 
the churches and independent school 
buildings : 

OHUBOHXS. 

First Presbyterian $30,000 00 

Second " 80,000 00 

Third " 05,100 00 

Congregational 18,000 00 

Episcopal 23,000 00 

First Baptist 20,OCO 00 

Second " 15,0U0 00 

First Methodist 30,0l0 00 

Second " 7,000 00 

Church of Immaculate Conception 30,000 00 

Church of Si. Paul and St. Peter 20,000 00 

B0HOOI.8 AND OOI,LBa£B. 

St. Ursiiline Convent 75,000 00 

Bettie Stuart Institute 40,000 00 

St. Paul's College and grouuds 30,000 00 

RESIDENCES. 

Hon. B. S. Edwards $ 50,000 

Ex-Gov. J. A. Matteson 150,000 

Hon. J. C. Conkling 50,000 

C. M. Smith 45,000 



C. W. Matheny f 30,000 

S. H. Melvin 20,000 

Hon. S. T. Logan 30,000 

Jesse K. Dubois » 25,000 

David Littler 30,000 

Col. John Williams 20,000 

Jacob Bunn 35,000 

Thos. Ragsdale 30,000 

Wesley Kimber 25,000 

O. M. Sheldon 20,000 

Geo. W. Chatterton 20,000 

Isaac H. Gray 18,000 

John H. Johnson 30,000 

O. M. Hatch 20,000 

E. S. Fowler 20,000 

Plon. J. A. McClernand 20,000 

G. A. Sutton 20,000 

Hon. S. M. Cullom ,...,.. 20,000 

Geo. M. Brinkerhoff 35,000 

K H. Ridgely 45,000 

E. L. Baker 45,000 

James L. Lamb 30,000 

J. A. Chesuut 50,000 

W. A. Turney 20,000 

Mrs. G. Jayne 10,000 

S. H. Jones 20,000 

B. Stuv^ 20,000 

C. A. Gehrmann 20,000 

John Cook 25,000 

Jacob Foster 10,000 

A. J. Babcock 8,000 

Dr. John Brown 8,000 

T. S. Little 15,000 

W. B. Corneau 18,000 

Geo. Woods 20,000 

R. Rudolph 18,000 

Mrs. N. Strott 15,000 

C. E. Lippincott 12,000 

L. Smith 10,000 

Robt. Officer 12,000 

Hon. J. H. Beveridge 12,000 



66 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



T. J. Dennis $ 12,000 

Geo. L. Huntington 15,000 

J. T. Smith 20,000 

Hon. N. W. Edwards 45,000 

B. F. Fox 30,000 

Hon. K Bateman 10,000 

H. N. Edwards. 10,000 

Geo. N. Black 20,000 

John E. Roll 10,000 

R. M. Ridgely 10,000 

Mrs. E. Wright 10,000 

Hon. A. Starne 15,000 

E. Payne 10,000 

Dr. Wm. Jayne 18,000 

Hon. E. Rummel 10,000 

Noah Mason 12,000 

Wiley Brasfield 10,000 

Hon. Wm. Butler 20,000 

Speed Butler 15,000 

Hon. Sharon Tyndale 15,000 

R. F. Ruth 15,000 

D. L. Phillips 25,000 

Below will be found a few of the fine 
buildings recently erected in the county : 

COUNTRY KESIDENCES. 

Jacob Foster $ 10,000 

W. B. Huttaker 28,000 

David A. Brown 15,000 

Dewitt Smith 10,000 

George Merriman 10,000 

George Turley 10,000 

HOTELS. 

Leland $350,000 

St. Nicholas 100,000 

Chenery 40,000 

Revere 40,000 

American 40,000 

Western 35,000 

Everett 35,000 



Annexed will be found the valuation 
of the principal public buildings of 
Springfield : 

BANKS. 

Springfield Marine and Fire Ins.$ 50,000 

J. Bunn's Banking House 45,000 

Springfield Savings Bank 25,000 

Ridgely National Bank 25,000 

First National Bank 20,000 

State National Bank. . . . , 20,000 

BUSINESS BLOCKS. 

Kimber & Ragsdale, Adams st..$ 60,000 
Conkling's, Monroe, bet. 4th and 

5th sts... 65,000 

Conkling's, cor. Monroe and 5th 20,000 
Cook's, 6th, between Adams and 

Washington 45,000 

Cook's, Monroe, bet. 5th and 6th 25,000 

Keuchler, Edwards & Ferguson 40,000 

Carpenter's 30,000 

S. T. Logan's 20,000 

Harts, Bates & Kimball 30,000 

Springer's 50,000 

E. L. Baker's 30,000 

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS, 

Home for the Friendless, build- 
ing and grounds $ 30,000 

FOUNDRIES. 

JStna, J. C. Lamb $ 40,000 

Excelsior, Berryman & Rippon. 25,000 

MANUFACTORIES. 

Springfield Watch Factory $ 75,000 

Springfield Woolen Factory 75,000 

Springfield Planing Mill 40,000 

Booth & Son, Wagon Factory. . 40,000 
Withey & Bro., Wagon Factory 30,000 

PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 

Springfield Opera House $125,000 

Springfield Skating Rink 16,000 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANDFACTUKING. 



67 



OFFICEES OF THE UNITED STATES, STATE, COUNTY AND CITY, 
TRANSACTING BUSINESS IN SPRINGFIELD. 



UNITED STATES OFFICEES. 

Judge TJ. 8. Supreme Court, assigned to 
7th Circuit.— B.0T1. David Davis, Blcom- 
ington. 

Judge XT. 8. Circuit Court. — Hon 
Thomas Drummond, Chicago. 

Judge of United States Court. — Hon. 
Samuel H. Treat, Springfield. 

Marshal. — John L. Routt. 

Assistant. — J. E. Hill. 

Cleric District Court. — Geo. P, Bowen. 

Cleric Circuit Court. — John A. Jones. 

Attorney. — Bluford Wilson. 

Register in Bankruptcy. — Lawrence 
Weldon. 

United States Commissioners. — L. B. 
Adams, Geo. P. Bowen, F. W. Cole, A. 
W. Wood, M. B. Converse, 

Assessor. — Edward L. Baker. 

Assistants. — John P. Baker and Jesse 
W. Bice. 

Chief Cleric.— B. W. Briggs. 

Collector. — John T. Harper. 

Deputy Collector. — H. C. Latham. 

Chief Clerh—A. L. Smith. 

Pension Agent. — W. Jayne. 

Chief Glerl.—T. W. Chenery. 

Register of the Land Office.— ^f. F. 
Elkin. 

Receiver of the Land Office. — George N. 
Black. 

Post Master. — J. L. Crane. 

Chief Clerk— 8. B. Moody, 

Custodian U. 8. Court House. — E. L. 
Baker. 

Janitor. — A. R. Robinson. 

UNITED STATES COURTS. 

Circuit Cowrf.— Regular Terms : First 
Monday of January and first Monday of 
June. 



District Court. — Regular Terms : First 
Monday of January and first Monday of 
June. 

Special Admiralty Terms. — First Mon- 
day of every month. 

SUPREME COURT JUDGES. 

Chief Justice. — Charles R. Lawrence. 

Judges. — Hon. Sidney Breese, Carlyle ; 
Hon. Pinkney Walker, Rushville ; Hon. 
John M. Scott, Bloomington ; Hon. J. K. 
McAllister, Chicago; Hon. Benjamin R, 
Sheldon, Galena ; Hon. Anthony Thorn- 
ton, Shelbyville. 

Clerh. — Wm. A. Turney, Springfield. 

STATE OFFICERS. 

Governor. — John M. Palmer, 

Lieut.- Governor. — John Dougherty. 

Secretary of State. — E. Rummel. 

Auditor. — Chas. E. Lippincott. 

Treasurer. — E. N. Bates. 

Superintendent of Public Instruction. — 
Newton Bateman. 

Adjutant- General. — H. Dilger. 

Assistant Secretary of State. — Geo. H. 
Harlow. 

Private Secretary to the Governor.— 'E. 
B. Harlan. 

COUNTY OFFICERS. 

Judge. — Hon. John A. McClernand, 

Clerh of Circuit Court. — Chas. H. Lan- 
phier. 

Cleric of the County Court. — N. W. Ma- 
theny. 

Prolate Judge. — A. N. J. Crook. 

Sheriff.— K. B. McConnell. 

Coroner. — Ed. Bierce. 

Jailor. — Martin Tincher. 

Superinte7ide7it of Public Schools. — War- 
ren A. Burgett. 



68 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



CITY OFFICEES. 

Mayor. — John "W. Smith. 

Glerh — Frank Fleury. 

Treasurer. — George W. Krodell. 

Assessor and Collector. — Jas. Taylor. 

Marshal. — Thomas White. 

Street Supervisor. — John Nelch. 

Attorney. — Thomas G. Prickett. 

Comptroller. — E. R. Roberts. 

Market Masters. — Wm. Alexander and 
Charles Lorsch. 

Fire Warden. — Wm. Sands. 

City Engineer. — James M. Bourne. 

Aldermen. — First Ward : Frank Hud- 
son, Frank W. Tracy, Ralph J. Coates. 
Second Ward : Hobert T. Ives, Maurice 
Fitzgerald, C. A. Helmle. Third Ward : 
John S. Bradford, Henry N. Alden, H. 
S. Dickermau. Fourth Ward: R. M. 
Ridgely, Obed Lewis, Lyman Sherwood. 

BOARD OF TRADE. 

President. — S. H. Melvin. 

1st Vice-President. — J. S. Vredenburg. 



2d Vice-President. — A. Nolte. 
Secretary, — W. B. Cowgill. 
Treasurer. — F. W. Tracy. 

YOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION. 

President. — John T. Stuart, Jr. 

Itecording Secretary. — Jas. Fairchild. 

Treasurer. — C. J. Salter. 

Vice-Presidents. — Geo. W. Ingalls and 
H. N. Keener, M. D. 

Executive Committee. — Jno. T. Stuart, 
Jas. Fairchild, C. J. Salter, J. W. Ingalls, 
H. N. Keener, E. A. Wilson. 

GRAND ARMY OP REPUBLIC. 

Spri7igfield Post.—E. B. Harlan, Post 
Commander ; L. C. Reiner, Sr. Vice Post 
Com ; W. P. Emery, Jr. Vice-Post Com ; 
G. S. Dana, Post Adjutant ; D. C. Brink- 
erhoff. Post Quartermaster ; Rev. D. F. 
Carnahan, Post Chaplain; N. B. Wig- 
gins, Officer of the Day ; Chas. Layton, 
Officer of the Guard. 



BUSINESS HOUSES AND FIRMS IN SPRINGFIELD. 



There is no pretensions made towards 
giving all the mercantile business of the 
city, but the following notices comprise 
some of the principal houses and firms : 

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 

C. R. Post sells about $G5,000 worth 
of agricultural implements, annually. 
His supplies come from manufactories in 
New York, Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana 
and Illinois. Mr. Post also buys and> 
ships, each year, about $50,000 worth of 
grain. His place of business is near the 
depot of the T. W. & W. railway. 

Frank R. McConnell deals in agri- 
cultural implements and farm machinery. 
His supplies are brought from Michigan, 
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. His sales 
amount to from $40,000 to $50,000 an- 



nually. Corner Monroe and Eighth 
streets. 

Staley & Troxell deal largely in all 
kinds of agricultural implements, farm 
machinery, and field and garden seeds. 
Annual sales from $25,000 to $30,000. 
Washington street, between Fourth and 
Fifth. 

Besides those above named there are 
several other firms whose main business 
is dealiug in agricultural implements, 
and still others who have them in con- 
nection with hardware stores, stove and 
tin ware stores, feed stores, etc., etc. 

In another part of these pages will be 
found a statement of the aggregate 
amount of sales of all kinds of agricultu- 
ral implements, for one year, in Spring- 
field. 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTUKING. 



69 



AGENTS OF ALL -KINDS. 
INSUKANCE. 

Hill & Flower. — Among the institu- 
tions of the city miiy be classed the insu- 
rance agency of Messrs. Ilill & h lower, 
who have line and commodious rooms 
just opposite the Post Office. Mr. J. S. 
Hill, the senior partner, is, with one ex- 
ception, the oldest insurance agent in 
the State, having entered the business in 
1836. Since 1845 Mr. Hill has been en- 
gaged in insuring in this city. His first 
company, which he still retains (the old- 
est in the State and among the best), was 
the Illinois Mutual. Mr. Hill is well 
and favorably known by all our citizens. 
Mr. Flower h^s been engaged in the in- 
surance business since 1864. Prior to 
that time he was engaged in teaching- 
school, but was compelled to abandon 
that occupation on account of poor health. 
He is a tip top business man, and deser- 
vedly popular. This firm represent the 
New York Mutual Life, the largest and 
best company in the world, also the old- 
est in America. Messrs. Hill & Flower 
also I'epresent the following fourteen fire 
insurance companies, which they chal- 
lenge the world to produce their equal 
for reliability, safety and promptness. 
Below will be found the list. 

^tna, Hartford, $5,738,635 ; City Fire, 
Hartford, $548,287 ; Hartford, Hartford, 
$2,737,519 ; Home, New York, $4,578,008 ; 
Manhattan, N. Y., $1,407,788; Market, 
N. Y., $704,684; Merchants, Hartford, 
$540,000 ; Merchants, Chicago. $878,253 ; 
North American, Hartford, $546,563 ; 
New York Mutual Life, gross assets 
nearly $45,000,000; Phoenix, Hartford, 
$1,738,921; Security, N. Y., $1,880,333; 
Springfield F. & M., Mass., $936,400. 

A. W. Coleman is the General Ageat 
of the Globe Mutual Life Insurance Com- 
pany of New York. This company is- 
sues registered policies, which secures a 
guarantee from the State of New York 
for reinsurance in the event of a failure 
of the company. The Globe Mutual of- 

— iO 



fers all the advantages of any other first 
class life insurance company, and Mr. 
Coleman is one of the most reliable in- 
surance men in this part of the country. 
His office is on Monroe street, opposite 
the Post Office. 

Geant & BuRRiLL, in the old Post Of- 
fice building, are also extensively en- 
gaged in the insurance business. Both 
are well known and popular agents. 
Their business is quite large, and they 
aim to give satisfaction to each and every 
customer. They represent nine compa- 
nies — eight fire and one life. Among 
their fire companies is the Sangamo, a 
home institution of Springfield. 

Hughes & Smith are also largely en- 
gaged in the business of insurance. They 
represent some of the best companies in 
the United States, and always adjust the 
losses of the companies they represent. 

E. B. Hawley is agent for the -^tna 
Life Insurance Company of Hartford, one 
of the old established companies. It 
gives all the advantages any other first 
class company does. 

Thomas Lewis is Manager of the Illi- 
nois State Department of the Atlas Mu- 
tual Life Insurance Company of St. 
Louis, Mo. This company has abolished, 
all restrictions on travel, in any part of 
the world. 

EXPRESS COMPANIES. 

E. D. JuDD is agent for the American 
Merchants Union. Office on Washington 
street, between Fifth and Sixth. 

J. W. Carter is agent for the United 
States Express Company. 

REAL ESTATE AGENTS AND ABSTRACT 
WRITERS. 

Edward A. Wilson is the well known 
agent of the Charter Oak Life Insurance 
Company, of Hartford, Conn. For the 
last five years he has held that position, 
and in his hands the interests of the 
company have been well guarded and 
advanced, as the records of his business 
fully demonstrate. 



70 



BPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



Mr. "Wilson is also one of our heaviest 
Real Estate Agents, and has now upon 
his books for sale over $300,000 of choice 
city and country property, embracing 
some of the most desirable property to 
be found in this section of the country. 
Parties in the East, having money to 
loan on first-class security, will consult 
their interests by transacting their busi- 
ness through Mr. Wilson. He can invest 
money in real estate worth three times 
the amount of loan, secured by deeds of 
trust, without cost to the loaner. Mr. 
Wilson's well-known business capacity 
and character aflford the best guarantee 
that all business intrusted in his hands 
will meet the most careful and prompt 
attention. 

Latham & Ends. — H. C. Latham and 
P. P. Euos give their entire attention to 
buying and selling real estate, paying 
taxes and making abstracts of deeds. 
Should you desire information respect- 
ing the title of any piece of real estate 
in Sangamon county, they will give you 
every link in the chain, if it is perfect, 
or if there is a defect they will tell you 
just where it is. They are perfectly re- 
liable. Office, Monroe street, between 
Fifth and Sixth. 

• Gen. T. S. Mather is one of the old- 
est real estate and loan agents in town. 
He sells property, rents houses, farms, 
etc., pays taxes and performs all other 
business pertaining to the land and real 
estate agency. Gen. Mather was raised 
in Sprmgfield and is well known by our 
citizens and business men, and has been 
carrying on the business for about seven 
years, 

AUCTION AND COMMISSION MEEOHANT. 

Frank Mtebs, successor to the late 
firm of H. C. Myers & Son, is one of the 
largest auction and commission merchants 
in the State, outside of Chicago. The 
firm of H. C. Myers «& Son was establish- 
ed in 1861, and at once became an im- 
portant and enormous business. For 
the last thirty-five years Mr. H. C. Myers 



has been engaged in selling goods in 
Spriugfield, and was universally esteem- 
ed and a great favorite. Upon his de- 
cease, in January last, Mr. Frank Myers 
— son and surviving partner of the de- 
ceased — took entire control of the busi- 
ness, and is now carrying it on in a high- 
ly successful manner. The entire estab- 
lishment, from the celler to the garret, 
is stocked with goods ; and everything 
usually kept in such a line of business can 
be found on hand. The yearly sales of 
this house are about $100,000 and the 
amount of capital invested foots up 
$30,000. 

ATTORNEYS OP SPRINGFIELD. 

Stuart, Edwards & Beown. — Hon. 
John T. Stuart, Benjamin S. Edwards 
and Christopher C. Brown. 

CuLLOM, Zane & Marcy. — Hou. Shelby 
M. CuUom, Chas. S. Zane and Geo. O. 
Marcy, 

J. C. & C. L. CoNKLiNG. — James C. 
Conkling and Clinton L. Conkling. 

Herndon & Orendorfp. — Wm. H. 
Herndon and Alfred Orendorff". 

John E. Rosette & Bro. — John E. 
Rosette and L. Rosette. 

Harvey & Wolcott. — Charles D. 
Harvey and Richard Wolcott. 

E. L. & W. L. Gross. — Eugene L. Gross 
and William L. Gross. 

Matheny & McGuiRE. — James H. 
Matheny and Robert L. McGuire. 

Hay, Greene &, Littler. — Milton Hay, 
Henry S. Greene and David P. Littler. 

Broadwell & Springer. — Wm. M. 
Springer and Norman M. Broadwell. 

Robinson, Knapp & Shutt. — James C. 
Robinson, Anthony L. Knapp and Wm. 
E. Shutt. 

Morrison & Patton. — C. M. Morrison 
and James W. Patton. 

Pricicktt & H ami [-TON. — Thomas G. 
Prickett and L. F. Hamilton. 

Bradley, Olden & Bradley. — L. H. 
Bradley, W. P. Olden and J. K. Bradley 

Charles A. Keyes. 

William E. Morrison. 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOB MANUFACTURING. 



71 



Charles H. Rice. 

William M. Fowlke. 

William Pkescott. 

Samuel D. Scholes. 

Paeke E. Temple. 

J. A. Kennedy. 

J. S. Stea'^ens. 

Bernakd Stuve. 

Thomas C. Matuer. 

Wm. J. CoNKLiNG, War Claim Agent. 

The bar of Springfield is admitted to 
be one of the most talented in the West. 
We append a few running remarks, with 
reference to individual members, and 
firms : 

Hon. John T. Stuaet, of the firm of 
Stuart, Edwards & Brown, is the oldest 
practicing attorney in Springfield. He 
was the preceptor and first law partner of 
Abraham Lincoln, has been three times 
elected to Congress, is president of nearly- 
half a dozen organizations for advancing 
the interests of Springfield, and still re- 
tains his position in the front rank of his 
profession. He is one of the few men 
who know how to grow old gracefully. 

Hon. B. S. Edwards is a son of Hon. 
Ninian Edwards, the former territorial 
Governor of the State and one of the first 
United States Senators, after Illinois was 
admitted into the Union. Upon the cre- 
ation of Sangamon county into a judicial 
circuit, Judge Edwards was the first 
judge, having been elected without any 
opposition. He is a very able lawyer. 

Mr. C. C. Brown, the junior member, is 
a thorough, honest and conscientious at- 
torney. As a legal adviser he has but 
few equals at the Springfield bar. 

Hon. E. B. Herndon is one of the oldest 
practicing lawyers in the city. He bears 
a high rank, and is justly considered one 
of the ablest minds in the legal fraternity. 

Hon. Shelby M. Cullom, of Cullom, 
Zane & Marcy. was one of the most faith- 
ful and energetic representatives in Con- 
gress the Eighth District ever had. He 
devotes the same talents and energy to 
his profession. Mr. Cullom is a working 
man, and occupies the responsible posi- 



tion of President of the State National 
Bank. 

Hon. James C. Conkling, senior mem- 
ber of the firm of J. C. & C. L. Conkling, 
father and son, is one of the most ener- 
getic and public spirited citizens Spring- 
field can boast of. All public improve- 
ments meet his hearty sanction and sup- 
port, and the magnificent buildings by 
him erected during the last five years 
will stand as enduring monuments of his 
liberal public spirit. Mr. Conkling has 
filled many important public positions in 
the State. 

The firm of Herndon & Oeendorff is a 
very able one. Mr. Herndon, now grow- 
ing old, was a member of the firm of 
Lincoln «fc Herndon. After the death of 
Mr. Lincoln he associated with him Mr. 
Alfred Orendorft", a young and promising 
attorney, who is now the active member 
of the firm. Herndon & Orendorff still 
occupy the old office of Lincoln & Hern- 
don. 

John E. Rosette, of Rosette & Bro., 
is a man of talents, and justly occupies a 
prominent position as a member of the 
Springfield Bar. He is considered the 
best criminal lawyer in the city. 

Harvey &, Wolcott are rapidly work- 
ing their way to the head of the profes- 
sion. 

E. L. & W. L. Gross are young men, 
who, in addition to the regular practice 
of the profession, commenced, in 1867, 
the work of compiling the Statutes of 
the State of Illinois, and after years of 
study and arduous labor, the result was 
a volume containing all the laws of the 
State then in force. By successive revis- 
ions they have brought the work down 
to the present time, and " Gross' Stat- 
utes" are now the official standard in 
all the courts, 

Meeting with success in their first pub- 
lication, they have continued their labors 
and are now furnishing the legal profes- 
sion with the following works : 

Index to all the Laws of the State from 
its Organization down to 1860. 



72 



8PEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



The Criminal Code of Illinois: a Digest 
of Statutes and Decisions, relating to 
Crime and its Punishment. The Stat- 
utes and decisions under them are placed 
side by side. 

Illinois Legal Directory : a Record of 
the Courts of Illinois, with the name of 
every practicing lawyer in the State. It 
is published quarterly, with corrections 
to date. 

Organic Laws of Illinois, containing 
the act and deed of cession by Virginia, 
Ordinance of 17S7, Constitution of the 
United States, and the three Constitu- 
tions of Illinois. 

Attorney's Business Docket. It is a 
day-book, journal and ledger combined, 
and always posted. 

Labeled envelopes, for filing papers ; a 
great convenience. 

CoL. J. H. Matheny senior member of 
the firm of Matheny & McGuire, possesses 
fine legal attainments, and as an orator is 
excelled by none in the country. He is a 
Springfielder, to "the manor born," and 
is known to nearly every person in this 
portion of the state. 

Milton Hay, of the firm of Hay, Greene 
and Littler, is one of the oldest and most 
reliable attorneys at the bar. He was a 
member of the late Constitutional Con- 
vention, and left the impress of his mind 
upon that valuable instrument. He is 
a deep, earnest thinkor and his legal 
opinion has much weight. 

Judge Bkoadwell, of Broadwell & 
Springer, has held many responsible posi- 
tions in public life, and filled them most 
acceptably. Hon. Wm. Springer is one 
of the representatives from this county 
to the General Assembly. This firm has 
a high position among the profession. 

Robinson, Knapp & Shutt do a large 
amount of business. Hon. James C. 
Robinson is the member of Congress 
from this district, and has also represen- 
ted the Seventh District, and is an old 
and eflieient lawyer. Hon. A. L. Knapp 
has been a member of Congress, and is a 
gentleman of clear legal mind and ability. 



Hon. Wm. E. Shutt has filled the office 
of Mayor of the city of Springfield, and 
is a promising young lawyer. 

Mr. C. M. MoRKisoN, of Morrison & 
Patton, is Prosecuting Attorney for this 
district, and is an able lawyer. Mr. 
Patton is young, studious, and promises 
to occupy a good position in the profes- 
sion. 

Mr. Chas. a. Keyes is Master in Chan- 
cery of Sangamon county ; Hon. Wm. 
Prescott was formerly Probate Judge; 
and Chas. H. Rice is one of the represen- 
tatives to the General Assembly. 

Besides the above mentioned names, 
Springfield has a number of young and 
promising attorneys, who are zealously 
working their way to the front rank in 
the profession. Among them are many 
who are truly worthy to follow in the 
footsteps of the illustrious lawyers who 
have heretofore and are now shedding 
such glory upon the bar of Springfield. 

BANKS. 

N. H. Ridgely, of this city, is proba- 
bly the oldest banker in the State of Illi- 
nois, having commenced the business of 
banking in the year 1829, as an officer of 
the St. Louis Ijranch of the United States 
Bank, of which Nicholas Biddle was 
President. He came to Springfield in 
1845 to accept the office of cashier of the 
State Bank of Illinois At the time of 
its failure he was appointed one of the 
trustees to wind up its affairs, which 
I^osition he held until the final settle- 
ment. In 1853, he organized the Clarke 
Exchange Bank in this city, which was 
wound up in 1854, when he began pri- 
vate banking on his own account. 

In 1858, his son Charles, and after- 
wards his son William, became associated 
with him, and the business was carried 
on under the firm name of N. H. Ridge- 
ly & Co In 18G6 the Ridgely National 
Bank was organized, with a paid up 
capital of $100,000, with authority to in- 
crease it to $500,000. A surplus has 
since been accumulated which makes the 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 



73 



real working capital of the bank $250,- 
000. By its last report its loans and dis- 
counts were about $500,000, and its de- 
posits about $400,000. 

In connection with this bank there is 
a savings department, in which deposits 
to any amount are received on the terms 
usual with savings banks, and interest 
allowed at the rate of six per cent, per 
annum. The bank also deals in foreign 
exchange, and latterly has been paying 
special attention to the purchase and 
sale of county, city and township bonds, 
and negotiation of loans on real estate. 

The officers of the Ridgely National 
Bank are N. H. Ridgely, President; 
Charles Ridgely, Vice President ; Wm. 
Ridgely, Cashier. 
J. Bunn's BANiaNG House. — Mr. Bunn 
is one of the oldest bankers in this sec- 
tion of the State, and is one of the best 
known business men in the city. Mr. 
Bunn began banking on the 1st of Jan- 
uary, 1851, at the corner just east of his 
present banking house, in the building 
occupied by J. & J. W, Bunn, grocers. 
In 1858 he erected the elegant bank build- 
ing which he now occupies, on the south- 
west corner of the square, at a cost of 
$25,000. The business transacted by 
Mr. Bunn is very large and extensive in 
its various ramifications. 

FiKST National Bank was organized 
December 13th, 1863, and commenced 
operations May 1st, 1864, with a capital 
of 125,000. The capital was increased 
July 1st, of the same year, to $150,000, 
and the following January to $200,000. 
On January 1st, 1871, it was increased to 
$400,000. It had on hand on the first 
day of May, 1871, a surplus fund of 
$65,000. 

The business of this bank for the year 
1870, shows an average deposit account 
of from $600,000 to $700,000. Amount 
of money loaned during the year, about 
$2,500,000 ; number of persons to whom 
loaned, about 800 ; average amount 
loaned to each person, $3,000, and aver- 
age time, sixty days. The First National 



Bank pays interest on longtime deposits 
but has no savings department. Its 
officers are among the best known, and 
most popular in the banking depart- 
ment. They areas follows: John Wil- 
liams, President ; Elijah lies, Vice Presi- 
dent ; Frank W. Tracy, Cashier ; John 
Williams, Elijah lies, George N. Black, 
A. P. Williams, C. W. Matheuy, N. W. 
Matheny and J. C. Henkle, Directors. 

Springfield Marine and Fike Insur- 
ance Company was chartered with a 
clause permitting it to transact a bnnk- 
ing business. It has never availed itself 
of any other provision in its charter than 
banking. Capital, $100,000, with a con- 
tingent fund of $90,000. 

The Springfield Savings Bank was 
incorporated by the General Assembly of 
Illinois, with special rights and privi- 
leges, Feb. 28, 1867. Its capital stock 
was fixed by that act at $100,000. 

From time immemorial, institutions 
for the accumulation and custody of 
money have been regarded as something 
in which the rich only were or could be 
interested. A century ago the thought 
that a man who did not count his wealth 
by thousands, could have been interested 
in a bank would have seemed preposter- 
ous. The idea originated from pure 
benevolence, and in all their essential 
features they are eleemosynary institu- 
tions. In the year 1798, some wealthy, 
benevolent gentleman in one of the man- 
ufacturing districts of England, volun- 
tarily offered to receive from working 
people, in their neighborhood, such shius 
of money as could be spared from their 
earnings, and return the same at Christ- 
mas, with the addition of one-third of 
the amount. This addition was not in- 
tended as interest, for it is not likely 
those gentlemen made any use of it, but 
it was merely a bounty for economy. 

The circumstance, however, suggested 
the thought of combining business with 
benevolence, and since that time Savings 
Banks have been established in all civi- 
lized countries. Men who have made the 



71 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



subject of finance a study, form corpora- 
tions by subscribing sufBcient stock to 
afford security, and then receive, from 
day to day and from week to week, a jjor- 
tion, be it small or great, of the wages of 
the day laborer, or any other person of 
limited means, giving a promise to return 
it at a fixed time with an additional 
amount as interest. 

Ey these institutions the weak and 
timid are assisted to provide against fu- 
ture want, while the strong man, whose 
appetites may lead him astray, can re- 
move the cause of temptation, and at the 
same time provide for future emergencies. 
The Springfield Savings Bank has been 
unusually successful from the beginning, 
having now more than four thousand de- 
positors, with an aggregate balance of 
nearly half a million dollars, and is pay- 
ing irs depositors over $1000 interest every 
month. In addition to its Savings depart- 
ment it does a general banking business. 

Its ofiicers are, S. H. Melvin, President ; 
C. A. Helmle, Vice-President; J. A. Ches- 
nut, Cashier ; T. S. Wood, As't Cashier. 

STATE NATIONAL BANK. 

The State National Bank was organ- 
ized under the United States banking law, 
November 11th, 1870, and began ope- 
rations January 1st, 1871. 

The ofiicers are, Hon. S. M. CuUom, 
President ; A. M. Sims, Vice-President ; 
S. H. Jones, Cashier ; and Joseph W. 
Lane, Teller. 

The amount of capital stock is one 
hundred and fifty thousand dollars, with 
power to increase it to one million. It 
is designed to increase the capital fifty 
thousand dollars more, on July 1st, 
making it then two hundred thousand 
dollars. 

The State National, since its organiza- 
tion, has been steadily increasing and en- 
larging its business. Its workings and 
operations have proven most satisfactorily 
to its owners. The circulation of this 
bank is $135,000, its loans and discount 
$185,000, and amount of deposits for first 
year $100,000. 



BAKERY AND CONFECTIONERY 

Henry Hauck, on north Fifth street, is 
carrying on a first class bakery and con- 
fectionery. His business is large and 
growing, and he makes the best of cakes, 
pies, bread, etc. 

Charles H. Long has a bread and 
cracker bakery in constant operation. 
He also deals in groceries, both staple 
and fancy, and yankee notions. 

David Hickey is one of the oldest con- 
fectioners in town, and is well known to 
all our citizens. He has constantly on . 
hand a choice stock of confectionaries, 
toys, fruits, etc., and is still in his well 
known bakery, South Sixth street. 

Jacob Sterneman has been carrying on 
a bread bakery in Springfield for a num- 
ber of years. He is now having a steam 
engine and other approjjriate machinery 
made preparatory to putting in operation 
a steam cracker bakery, on an extensive 
scale. 

book stores and news depots, 
John H. Johnson. — This well known 
and favorite establishment is the oldest 
book store in the State, it having been 
established in the year 1837. Since that 
time but two changes have been made in 
the firm. The old firm of Johnson & 
Bradford was known all over Illinois, and 
its reputation and business standing was 
always A No. 1. Upon the withdrawal 
of Capt. Bradford, Mr. Johnson took en- 
tire control, and under his administra- 
tion the house has fully sustained its 
high standing. He has now in store a 
choice and elegant stock of books and 
stationery, comprising everything kept in 
a first-class book store, and is prepared 
to offer special inducements to purchasers. 
Capt. J. S. Bradford is one of the old 
landmarks in the book and stationery 
business in this city, having been en- 
gaged therein, in company with J, H. 
Johnson, since 1841, until about one year 
ago. The firm of Johnson & Bradford 
was one of the best known and popular 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 



75 



ones in this section, ^nd was indeed 
*' household words." They built up an 
enormous trade, and were justly noted 
for integrity and fair business dealing. 
Having spent over a quarter of a century 
together, they concluded they were old 
enough to " go it alone," and they dis- 
solved partnership over one year ago, 
Shortly after, Capt. Bradford opened his 
present elegant establishment in the old 
Post Office. He has now one of the best 
selected stocks in the city, and his large 
and increasing business shows the high 
esteem entertained for him by the people 
generally. 

P. W. Haets commenced business in 
the month of October, 1865. He runs 
two distinct branches of mercantile busi- 
ness in one establishment. Having one 
of the finest and largest store rooms in 
the city, he keeps a full line of Drugs, 
Medicines and Fancy Articles on one 
side, and an equally fine assortment of 
Books and Stationery on the other. Mr. 
Harts is one of the most energetic and 
thorough-going business men in the west. 
His annual sales amount to about $40,- 
000. His store is at the south side of 
Capitol Square. 

Mrs. Mary R. Faith keeps a book 
store for the sale of Catholic books, al- 
most exclusively. 

O. H. McGeaw is the oldest News 
Dealer in the city, and from a small be- 
ginning has built up a good business. 
Mr. McGraw has all the late papers and 
publications of the day upon his coun- 
ters, and is always up with the times. 
He also has a small and carefully selected 
stock of Books, and other articles in 
his line, and all other necessaries for a 
first class News Depot. 

S. Beown, east side of Capitol Square, 
has all the late papers and periodicals. 
His counters are always filled with good 
reading matter. He has, also, a good 
stock of fresh Fruits and Confectionery 
always on hand. 



BOOT AND SHOE DEALERS AND MAKERS. 

Walter Ordway has been engaged 
for the last ten years in selling boots and 
shoes on the north side of the square. 
Mr. Ordway came from Kansas City, Mo., 
at the commencement of the "late un- 
pleasantness," and opened in the small 
frame building now occupied by Chas. 
Stern, the clothier. From that begin- 
ning he has largely increased his trade, 
and now occupies one of the finest store 
rooms on the north side. His facilities 
for business are not surpassed. His sales 
amount to abcmt $65,000 annually. 

John E. Roll came to Sangamon 
county June 7, 1830, and settled at the 
town of Sangamo, where he helped Abra- 
ham Lincoln build a flat boat, which he 
ran out of the Sangamon river into the 
Illinois, and out of that into the Missis- 
sippi, and down that stream. Mr. Roll 
came to Springfield soon after and has 
been an active business man to the pres- 
ent time. He has done much to improve 
the place, having built a dozen or more 
of the best residences in it, besides doing 
a large merchantile business. He is now 
engaged in the boot and shoe trade with 
W. V. Roll & Co., north side of square 

J. C. Latham, successor to Latham & 
Co., is very extensively engaged in the 
boot and shoe trade. Mr. Latham pur- 
chases his goods of the manufacturers, 
buys very extensively for cash, and is 
able to present great inducements to pur- 
chasers. His stock embraces the finest 
and cheapest goods, selected expressly 
for the trade, of this city and county. Mr. 
Latham has a stock of $30,000, and his 
yearly sales amount to about $70,000. 

A. Ensel sell boots and shoes to the 
value of $30,000 per year. Mr. Ensel 
has been in the business in this city but 
for a short time, yet he has built up a 
large and growing trade. 

Sims, Smith & Co. have recently en- 
gaged in selling boots and shoes, having 
purchased the large stock of goods re- 
cently owned by F. George & Son, north 



70 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



side of the square. The gentlemen com- 
posing this firm are old and prominent 
citizens, Capt. J. W. Smith having been 
slieriffof this county and mayor of the 
city, which position he is now holding 
for the third time. Sims, Smith & Co. 
have a large stock of goods and are con- 
stantly adding thereto, and are selling a 
large amount of boots and shoes. 

Sidney Lanphear employs a compe- 
tent corps of workmen and uses none 
but the best of materials. He makes 
every description of boots and shoes to 
order, and warrants satisfaction in every 
respect. 

Mr. Lanphear holds the exclusive 
right to use the celebrated Plummer 
last. For ease, comfort and firm support 
to the foot, a boot or shoe made on this 
last is far superior to any other, as the 
writer can testify from actual experience. 
Mr. L. has every other description of 
last for making plain and fancy boots. 
Fifth street, between Washiogtou and 
Jefferson. 

CONTEACTORS AND BUILDERS. 

Messrs. White & Wellek formed a 
partnership and commenced business as 
contractors and builders, February 1, 
1S70. They were both practical mechan- 
ics of wide experience before forming a 
partnershsp, and they give their personal 
supervision to all work entrusted to their 
care. They are in ^jossession of unusual 
facilities for executing work in their 
line promptly and economically ; and 
being enterprising and reliable, their 
business is rapidly on the increase. 

They give special attention to the 
erection of dwellings, churches and school 
houses, and furnish plans and specifica- 
tions for this class of buildings, of mod- 
erate cost, on short notice and reasonable 
terms. 

They also make to order school furni- 
ture, and are prepared to furnish the 
products of others in that line, at manu- 
facturers prices. 

W. D. RiCHAKDSON is the contractor 
on the Lincoln Monument, and steadily 



prosecuting this beautiful work. The 
pavement around the capital square, 
which bears his name, and which he laid 
last year, is an evidence of his skill and 
genius. He is emphatically a driving 
business man, and his success has been 
well deserved and worthily earned. Mr. 
Richardson is prepared to take contracts 
for any work demanding skill, labor and 
money, and if a railroad to the moon 
was to be built, he would undertake the 
contract and carry it through if such a 
thing was possible. 

CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE. 

B. H Ferguson deals in crockery, 
glassware and house furnishing goods 
generally. His goods are partly imported 
and partly from American manufacturers. 
It is a real pleasure to visit h,s store. It 
is forty-seven by eighty-five feet, with a 
high ceiling and kept with the most 
scrupulous neatness. He sells at both 
wholesale aud retail, the business amount- 
ing to about $40,000 annually. 

There are two other crockery and 
glassware stores in the city. 

CIGARS AND TOBACCO. 

Behnek & BiERBAUM, Opposite the 
Postoflace, deal in Cigars, Tobaccos and 
Snuff. They have a large stock of these 
articles constantly on hand. They also 
deal in Confectionery, Fruits, Nuts, etc. 

CONFECTIONERY AND FRUITS. 

Jajies M. Fitzgerald, Manufacturer 
of Confectionery and Dealer in Foreign 
Fruits, Nuts, Wines and Fancy Groce- 
ries, west side Square. His stock of for- 
eign fruits is at all times very large aud 
choice, and embraces everything usually 
found in first class houses. Mr. Fitzger- 
ald's establishment is one of the finest in 
the country, and is a credit to the city of 
Springfield. 

clothiers and merchant tailors. 

T. S. Little has been engaged in the 
Clothing business in this city for about 
twenty-seven years, and is one of the 
largest dealers. In addition to a heavy 
stock of fine clothing and gentlemen's 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANtTFAOTTIEINa. 



77 



furnishing goods, he cariies on a very ex- 
tensive Merchant Tailoring establishment. 
Mr. Little still occupies the old stand on 
the South side of Capitol Square. 

Woods & Henkle deal extensively iu 
Clothing and Gentlemen's^ Furnishing 
Goods, and manufacture fine clothing to 
order. Mr. "Woods has been doing busi- 
ness in Springfield since 1830. Mr. 
Henkle, for about twenty years. The 
present firm has been established about 
fifteen years. Their annual sales amount 
to about $60,000. 

S. Benjamin always keeps a fine stock 
of goods on hand, of the latest styles, 
and suitable to the season. He also 
keeps a full line of gentlemen's furnish- 
ing goods. His sales amount to about 
$30,000 annually. 

George A. Evans keeps a full line of 
Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods, east side 
the Square, near the Court House. 

DENTIST. 

C. Stoddard Smith is a graduate of 
the Philadelphia Dental College, and en- 
joys a good reputation as an operating 
Dentist. Although Dr. Smith has been 
in the city but a short time, he enjoys a 
good practice. He occupies Dr. A. W. 
French's old stand, just west of Bunn's 
Bank. 

Dr. C. G. French is an old and well 
known practitioner in Dentistry, having 
been engaged in that profession for over 
thirty years. Ho avails himself of all 
the newest and most valuable improve- 
ments in his business, and is a skillful 
operator. His practice is constantly in- 
creasing, which fact establishes his char- 
acter as a Dentist. 

Dr. S. Babcock is a regular graduate 
of Medicine, studied Dentistry in New 
York, and began its practice in 1843. 
Since that time he has been engaged in 
it exclusively. Dr. Babcock came to 
Springfield in 1860, and has built up a 
first class business, which he finds increas- 
ing. The Doctor has the reputation of 
being a skillful Dentist, and is meeting 
with much success. 
—11 



Dr. A. W. French has been practicing 
for more than twenty years in Spring- 
field. His knowledge of the profession 
reaches back to the time when the Den- 
tist was only expected to replace a tooth 
when there were others yet remaining, to 
which the artificial ones could be attach- 
ed by wires or silk ligatures. If all were 
gone his services were not called for, be- 
cause he could do nothing. Then came 
the time for holding teeth in place by 
wire springs, and finally the new era was 
ushered in by the discovery that, when 
properly fitted, atmospheric pressure 
would hold a full set almost as firmly as 
the natural teeth, thus proving that 

" The Dental art 
Can every varying tone with ease restore, 
And give thee music sweater than before." 

Dr. French is one of the best mechan- 
ical Dentists in the "West, and thoroughly 
understands the use and comparative 
value of all the different kinds of mate- 
rial used in the art. In^ddition to this, 
he has, by his writings, done much to ad- 
vance the general interests of the profes- 
sion ; and, as a natural consequence, has 
subserved the interests of all who are so 
unfortunate as to require the services of 
a Dentist. 

Office on Fifth street, at the west side 
of Capitol Square. 

Dr. Allen Latham, Dentist, Sixth 
street, between Adams and Monroe 
streets, extracts teeth without pain by 
aid of a galvanic battery. 

Dr. F. D. Laughlin is a Dental prac- 
titioner of many years' experience, and is 
doing a good practice in his line. He is 
located on Ffth street, west side of Capi- 
tol Square. He appears to thoroughly 
understand his profession. 
druggists. 

J. B. Brown & Co., have one of the 
oldest and most extensive Drug houses in 
Springfield. They keep on hand an ex- 
tensive stock of Drugs, Medicines, Paints, 
Oils, and all other articles pertaining to 
a first class establishment. They do both 
a wholesale and retail business, and their 
sales extend over a wide territory. This 



78 



SPBINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



house was established in 1860, and is one 
of the leading ones in the trade. 

Glidden & Co., (successors to S. H. 
Melvin & Co.), is one of the oldest Drug 
houses in Springfield, and does a large 
trades in Drugs, Chemicals, etc. They 
have one of the oldest and best stands, 
and sell a large amount of goods yearly. 
In addition to their regular Drug and 
Prescription business, they are extensive- 
ly engaged in manufacturing fine flavor- 
ing extracts. 

R. W. DiLLER commenced business in 
the year 1849, as one of the firm of "Wal- 
lace & Diller, which was the oldest estab- 
lished Drug store in Springfield, and has 
continued at the same stand ever since. 
The old store occupied by him was de- 
stroyed by fire in 1858, after which time 
he erected the building he occupies at this 
date. 

C. E. Parker keeps a well selected 
stock of Drugs, Paints, Oils, etc., togeth- 
er with Fancy goods and Perfumery. 
He attends to compounding prescrip- 
tions at all hours, in a most careful and 
accurate manner. Sixth street, between 
Monroe and Adams. 

P. W. Harts keeps Drugs and Medi- 
cines in connection with his books. — See 
Book Stores. 

W. R. Beall, Prescription Druggist 
corner of Fifth aad Monroe streets. 

DRY GOODS. 

* Col. John Williams, of the firm of 
Williams & Co., is the oldest dry goods 
dealer in the city, having began selling 
goods for Major Elijah lies in the year 
1824. Col. Williams continued with 
Major lies until 1830, when he purchased 
the establishment, and has been engaged 
constantly in selling goods, up to the 
present time. Col. Williams is known to 
every man, woman and child in the 
county, and during his long years of 
merchandizing he has won the good and 
kindly opinion of all who know him, and 
is to-day one of the most popular busi- 
ness men in the community. Col. Wil- 



liams is also president of the Eirst Na- 
tional Bank. The firm consists of John 
Williams and Geo. N. Black. They deal 
in dry goods, groceries and Yankee no- 
tions, both wholesale and retail. Their 
annual sales amount to from $125,000 to 
$150,000. 

Mr. James M. Garland succeeds the 
old house of E. B. Hawley & Co., and 
more recenty Briokerhoff & Garland, one 
oft he oldest and most favorably known 
establishments in Springfield. Mr, Gar- 
land was junior member of the old house, 
is a native of the city, and is now doing 
business for himself. He possesses a high 
reputation, and has justly won the good 
opinion of our citizens. The speciality 
of this house is, that nothing but first 
class goods are kept, which are marked 
in plain figures, at lowest cash prices. 
On no account, to aff'ect sales, are goods 
misrepresented, and polite treatment to 
all customers is the invariable rule. We 
can, with pleasure, advise the people of 
this and adjoining counties to patronize 
this house, when desiring good articles 
and strictly honest dealing. 

C. M. Smith & Co. are one of the lar- 
gest dry goods houses in Central Illinois. 
The firm is C. M. Smith & John S. Con- 
dell. Mr. Smith came, a poor boy, to Il- 
linois in 1835, and began selling dry 
goods at Carrolton, Greene county, in 
1837. He removed to this city in 1852, 
as one of the firm of Yates, Smith & Bro. 
Having purchased the interest of Mr. 
Yates, who retired, the present firm was 
formed in 1866. Mr. Condell began sell- 
ing goods in Springfield in 1840, and was 
one of the well known and popular firm 
of Condell, Jones & Co. Mr. Smith has 
been in business for thirty years, has 
passed through all the financial troubles 
of the country, and has always paid one 
hundred cents on the dollar. The credit 
of this firm is unlimited, yet they buy 
exclusively for cash. Mr. Smith is a 
large property holder and identified with 
the interests of the city ; and no man has 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOK MANUFAOTUEING. 



79 



more deservedly won advancement in 
business. The amount of the capital of 
the firm is $80,000, and their yearly busi- 
ness is very large. 

John Bressmer is extensively engaged 
in the dry goods trade, at the old Tynsley 
corner. Mr. Bressmer has been engaged 
in selling goods for the last twenty-two 
years, in the same place he now occupies, 
and has been doing business by himself 
since 1860, He is a well known and re- 
liable merchanr, and does a large regular 
business. His yearly sales foot up about 
$60,000. 

John T. Stuart, Jr., deals in staple and 
fancy dry goods, fiue millinery, etc. Mr. 
Stuart was raised in this city, and. is well 
known and highly appreciated by all who 
know him. Mr. Stuart began selling dry 
goods for C. M. Smith & Co., in 1857, and 
has been constantly engaged ever since. 
In 1863 he opened his present fine estab- 
lifhrnent, which is.always well filled with 
the choicest, finest goods in his line. 
His sales amount to about $60,000, annu- 
ally. 

L. M. Coleman is the successor to the 
late firm of Brown & Coleman. This 
house was established three years ago, and 
has always enjoyed a high reputation. 
In Augest, last, the firm was dissolved, 
and Mr. Coleman purchased Major 
Brown's interest. He keeps a general 
assortment of dry goods, from the finest 
to the cheapest, and lace goods in end- 
less variety. The entire second story 
is limited to piece goods and carpets — 
the stock of the latter being the finest 
and largest in the city. The carpet 
trade of this house is immense. Mr. 
Coleman deals strictly on an honorable, 
fair basis, and having permanently settled 
here and identified his interest with 
Springfield, designs to retain the large 
custom he has won by fair upright deal- 
ing. He employs ten clerks, carries 
about $60,000 worth of goods, and sells 
over $100,000 worth of goods, per year. 

C. A. Gekhmann, dealer in American 
and Foreign dry goods, ladies furs, cloaks. 



shawls, white goods, millinery, Paris 
flowers, bonnets, ribbons, etc., at whole- 
sale and retail. West side capitol square- 
Business amounts to about $60,000, an- 
nually. 

KiMBEK & Ragsdale keep the largest 
stock of foreign and domestic dry goods, 
of any house in the city. They erected 
two magnificent store rooms, which are 
thrown into one, on the south side of 
the square, at a cost of over $50,000. 
They certainly have the largest, finest ar- 
ranged, and most elegantly furnished 
store in the State outside of Chicago. 
Mr. Kimber was, for many years, in the 
employ of C. M. Smith & Co., and thor- 
oughly understands his business. They 
sell dry goods, carpets, boots and shoes, 
etc., and their sales amount to about 
$250,000, per year. 

Joseph Thayer & Co. This house 
was established in 1835, and is therefore 
one of the oldest mercantile establish- 
ments in Central Illinois. This estab- 
lishment is one of the reliable old 
places of business, for which Springfield 
is justly so famous. Nearly forty years^ 
in one business in the same town, is 
about all the recommendation any es- 
tablishment needs. Messrs. Thayer & 
Co. carry a very large and fine stock of 
goods, and sell between $75,000 and 
$100,000 worth per year. 

DOLLAR STORES. 

F. J. Wilson keeps one of the most 
handsome stores in the city. The variety 
is wonderful, and yet there is no article 
for which you are expected to pay more 
than one dollar. Everybody on visiting 
the city, goes to Wilson's Dollar Store, 
in the American House block, near the 
Postofiice. 

O. E. DowE, east side of the square, 
sells every kind of gim-crack, from a 
penny up to a dollar. 

FEED STORE. 

S. M. CxjLvrr, wholesale and retail 
dealer in feed, flour, grain and country 
produce, grinds grain for feed, and is 



80 



ePBINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AHD 



agent for feed mills, feed steamers and 
horse powers. Monroe street, near 
Fourth. 

FUENITUEE DEALEKS. 

J. A. Hough came to Springfield in 
1839, and has been continuous in the 
furniture trade from that to the present 
time — thirty-two years. He is without 
doubt the oldest furniture dealer in Cen- 
tral Illinois. His sales amount to about 
$30,000 annually. 

Mr. Gr. Westenberger buys part of 
his furniture in the white and finishes it 
in his own establishment. He employs 
five men in manufacturing chiefly on 
orders, about one-third of what he sells. 
His annual sales amount to about $15,- 
000, and his business is increasing yearly. 

I. H. Daggett & Co., dealers in furni- 
ture, stoves, crockery, silver plated ware, 
and a general assoatment of house furnish 
ing goods, at McCreery's old stand, north 
side public square. 

H. "Williams has been in the furniture 
business about seventeen years, and is 
still carrying on business at the old 
stand. North Fifth street. He deals ex- 
tensively in furniture of every grade, and 
manufactures the same to order. His 
purchases are made at Cincinnati, Law- 
renceburg, Lafayette and Michigan, he 
avails himself of purchasing in the best 
markets. He also gives especial atten- 
tion to undertaking. The sales of this 
house amount ta over $15,000 per year. 

grocers. 

John Williams & Co., in addition to 
their dry goods trade, carry on an exten- 
sive grocery house, and olfer for sale at 
wholesale and retail, a choice stock of 
groceries, yankee notions, etc., etc. 

J. & J. W. BuNN. — This very extensive 
wholesale and retail grocery house was 
established by the senior member of the 
firm in 1840. This establishment was 
originally carried on at the corner now 
occupied by J. Bunn as a banking house. 
Thia long term of years makes this one 



of the oldest houses in this branch of 
mercantile business in Central Illinois. 
Mr. John W. Bunn has entire control of 
the establishment, and its successful 
operation fully attests his business capaci- 
ty. The sales of this house amount to 
the very large sum of between $175,000 
and $300,000 annually. 

D. WiCKERSHAM, dealer in provisions, 
and staple and fancy groceries. Mr. 
Wickersham has been in Springfield 
since 1843. He sold dry goods before 
the war, then commanded the Tenth 
Illinois cavalry four years. His place of 
business is at the north side of Monroe 
street, opposite the Post Office. 

Saunders & London — A. H. Saunders 
and W. J. London. This firm deals 
at wholesale and retail in groceries, 
provisions, foreign and domestic fruits, 
etc., and buy and sell all kinds of 
country produce. The gentlemen com- 
posing this firm, are old and well known 
citizens and energetic men of business. 
Their sales amount to about $40,000, 
per year. 

George S. Connelly, dealer in gro- 
ceries, provisions, country produce, 
foreign and domestic fruits, etc., Monroe 
street between Fifth and Sixth. Mr. 
Connelly is well known in the grocery 
trade, having been engaged for some 
time past in selling goods for Capt. 
Floyd, and has recently gone in business 
for himself He is now doing a large 
business. 

J. G. Byerline, the one armed soldier, 
at the west side of Fifth street, between 
Washington, and Jefiierson, deals in 
groceries and provisions. He is perfectly 
reliable, and gives you the worth of 
your money every time. 

Edwards, Oppicee & Co., are among 
the heaviest grocery dealers in the city, 
and keep constantly on hand a very 
large stock of foreign and domestic 
groceries, fine fruits, flour and feed, 
wines, liquors and cigars. Mr. N. S. 
Edwards, is an old grocery merchant 
having been successfully engaged in 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTITEINQ. 



81 



that trade several years. Mr. Officer 
is an old and well known citizen, and 
Mr. J. C. Hall, has been selling groceries 
in this city for nearly twenty years. 
This firm does a business of about $70,- 
000 per year. 

John Carmody deals in groceries and 
provisions, and always keeps in store a 
full stock of staple and fancy goods^ 
Sales amount to about $20,000 worth 
annually. His store is one door south of 
Journal office. 

WHOLESALE GROCERS. 

Smith & Hat. — This house was estab- 
lished by the senior member of the firm, 
in the year 1859. One or two changes 
have been made in the business, but it 
has steadily grown in magnitude, and 
been built up by the most incessant labor 
and unwearyiug energy. It is the first 
successful attempt to establish a strictly 
Wholesale Grocery house in Springfield, 
and its success has only been in propor- 
tion to its merits. Messrs. Smith & Hay 
carry, at all times, a very heavy and com- 
plete stock of goods, which they offer at 
lowest rates. The sales of this house 
amount to between four and five hund- 
red thousand dollars annually, 
hardware. 

"W. B. MiLLBR keeps a very large stock, 
and in great variety, of all kinds of 
goods belonging to a first class house. 
Gives particular attention to all kinds of 
Hardware, Carriage Makers' stock, Belt- 
ing, Packing, Cordage and Tackle Ropes. 
Mr. Miller has been in business in Spring- 
field thirteen years. His sales average 
annually from $30,000 to $40,000. 

Smith & McKinstet are successors to 
E. B. Pease, who commenced the Hard- 
ware business in Springfield in May, 
1838 ; consequently making this the old- 
est established Hardware house in Cen- 
tral Illinois. Mr. McKinstry has been 
engaged in selling hardware twenty one 
years, ten of which have been spent in 
Springfield. Mr. Smith was raised in 
this county and has lived in Si)ringfield 



since 1844. They have an elegant and 
well selected stock of goods, and are fully 
U]) to the times, in their line of trade. 

O. F. Stebbins has been ten years in 
the Hardware business in Springfield, a 
portion of that time being connected 
with the firm of Warne & Stebbins, He 
is now carrying on business alone and 
keeps every thing in his line of busi- 
ness, and all the latest improvements in 
every kind of implement. His sales ave- 
rage about $35,000 per year. 

Fox & House deal in everything pur- 
taining to the Hardware business. They 
keep on hand Wagon and Carriage mate- 
rials. Blacksmith and Carpenters' tools, 
in great variety, and an extensive assort- 
ment of Rubber Belting. Mr. Fox has 
been selling hardware here for nineteen 
years, and is the oldest dealer now in the 
city. 

HARNESS AND SADDLES, 

J. O. Rames, harness and saddle 
manufacturer, and dealer in saddles, 
harness, whips, wool collars, bridles 
and every other article in the line of 
his business. Fifth street south of 
Bunn's Bank. 

BusHER, Wyatt & Co, are whole- 
sale and retail dealers in leather and 
saddlery hardware, saddles, bridles, col- 
lars, whips, belting, etc., etc. They 
manufacture very extensively, and make 
the greater portion of the harness they 
sell. Mr Busher, the senior member of 
the firm came to Springfield in 1886, 
and commenced the tanning, and curry- 
ing business on a very extensive scale, 
but soon found he was years in advance 
of the demands of the country. Since 
that time he has been very extensively 
engaged in manufacturing and selling 
Saddles, harness, etc., etc. This firm 
carries a large stock, and sells about $50,- 
000, worth per year. 

R. J, Coats, dealer in and manufac- 
turer, of fine buggy and coach harness, 
leather and saddlery hardware. Corner 
Washington, and seventh streets. 



82 



SPKINGriELT>, ILLINOIS, AND 




Leland HoteL 
HOTELS. 

The Leland Hotel would be consid- 
ered one of the finest hotels, if it 
was in New York City, Boston or Phila- 
delphia, and has no superior in thg West- 
ern States. There is no State capital in 
the Union that can boast of a finer house. 
It is justly the pride of the citizens of 
Springfield, and universally admired by 
all who visit the capital. To say that it 
is first-class does not do it justice, for it 
is much more. It was built by a joint 
stock company in 1866, and opened to 
the public January 1, 1867, by Horace S. 
Leland, Esq., the present proprietor. To 
say that it is kept by a Leland is a sufii- 
cient guarantee that it is all that could 
be desired by the most fastidious epicure. 

This is one of the chain of hotels kept 
by the Lelands, beginning with the 
St. Charles Hotel — European plan — New 
York City , Delavan House, Albany, N. 
Y.; Clarendon Hotel, Saratoga Springs, 
N. Y.; and Grand Union Hotel, Sarato- 
ga Springs, N. Y. 

Capt. "Wiggins, an experienced and 
justly popular hotel man, has immediate 
charge of the house, and under his super- 
intendence everything is conducted in 
the finest and best of style. 

St. Nicholas Hotel. — This fine house 
was built in 1856, and has been consider- 



ably enlarged and much im- 
proved since that time. It is 
easy of access, being but one 
square from the depot of the 
Chicago and St. Louis railroad, 
and yet, is sufficiently retired 
to afi"ord all the attractions of 
a home to a weary traveler. 
It afl"ords accommodations for 
about one hundred and fifty 
guests, and is first class in all 
its appointments. John Mc- 
Creery, Proprietor. 

1^£^ The Chenery House is one 
..^^ of the oldest and best known 
hotels in the city. The pres- 
ent proprietors, W. D. Chenery 
& Son, purchased the house of Joel 
Johnson, Esq., in October, 1855. Since 
that time they expended in additions to 
the property, over $30,000. The Che- 
nery enjoys a high reputation, and 
among the many excellent hotels at the 
capital, ranks No. 1. Messrs. John W. 
and James Chenery have charge of the 
office. This house accommodates about 
two hundred guests. 

The Westekn Hotel is situated at 
the corner of Third and Jefferson street, 
opposite the Chicago and Alton depot. 
This house was built in 1868, and being 
new, everything is in good condition, 
neat and clean. This house is built in 
modern style and possesses all the con- 
veniences of a first-class hotel. It is kept 
by the owner, John Shoeneman, Esq. 

Besides the above hotels, Springfield 
has the American, Everett and Revere, 
first-class houses, making a total of seven 
hotels, off"ering the best accoramodaiions 
for about fifteen hundred persons, be- 
sides a number of smaller hotels and 
boarding houses. 

LAMPS AND LAMP GOODS. 

Joseph Lefevre & Co. are new men 
in the city. They make a specialty of a 
single article for lighting stores, dwell- 
ings etc. It is called Danforth's Petro- 
leum Fluid, a new article prepared from 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANTJFAOTDKING. 



83 



petroleum oil. From a great number of 
tests it underwent in • my presence I 
know that it is absolutely non-explosive. 
It gives such a clear steady light as to 
make it far preferable to the best gas 
light. 

Messrs Lefevre & Co. deal in all styles 
of lamps and lamp goods. Their store is 
on Adams street, near the town clock. 

HATS, CAPS AND FUES. 

Frbd Dienes, deals in hats, caps, 
gloves, furs, and repairs furs, opposite 
Bradford's book store. Sixth street, near 
the Post office. 

J. H. Adams, dealer in hats, caps, 
furs, etc., all of the latest styles. He 
is the oldest dealer in this line in the 
city. Store, west side of Capitol Square. 

C. Wolf & Co. deal in hats, caps, and 
fine fur goods. They keep a large stock 
of these goods on hand, together with a 
choice stock of gentlemen's furnishing 
goods. 

LIQUOK DEAXEB3. 

G. A. Mayer, wholesale dealer in im- 
ported wines, liquors, champagnes, Cali- 
fornia wines, brandies and Kentucky 
whiskeys. Monroe street, between Fifth 
and Sixth. 

Thomas Brady has been engaged in 
business in Springfield since 1853. For 
the last fifteen years he has devoted his 
attention exclusively to the wholesale 
liquor trade, and has built up a very ex- 
tensive business. He deals in fine wines, 
liquors and everything pertaining to this 
branch of business. Adams street, south 
side of the square. 

H. E. Mueller, importer and whole- 
sale dealer in all kinds of liquors. His 
place of business is at the Opera House. 

J. B. Fosselman came to Springfield 
in 1850, was six years in the drug busi- 
ness and eleven years in the grocery 
trade, wholesale and retail. He was the 
first, or among the first, to send out 
traveling agents to solicit business, to 
build up wholesale trade in Springfield, 
and in war times found the business 



very successful. He is now in the whole- 
sale liquor trade on Fifth street, north 
of the square. 

lumber yards. 

ScnucK & Baker deal in pine, poplar, 
ash, oak and wagon lumber, and in sash, 
doors, blinds and all other materials used 
in building. Their sales amount to 
about $80,000 annually. Their yard is 
near the depot of the T. W. & W. rail- 
road. 

Vredenburo & EiLSON sell lumber to 
the value of about $65,000 annually. 

J. S. Veedenbubg is the oldest lumber 
merchant in the city, having been in the 
trade about sixteen years. His annual 
sales are about $90,000. His lumber 
yard is near the C. A. & St. L. railroad 
depot. 

E. S. Johnson also has a yard near the 
same depot, making four establishments 
whose annual sales foot up between 
$250,000 and $300,000. 

marble yards. 

Joseph Baum is properly a sculptor, 
having served a regular apprenticeship in 
the ancient city of Cologne. He was in 
South Carolina when the rebellion broke 
out and lost nearly all his property. His 
yard is at the corner of Jefi"erson and 
Fourth streets, where he is prepared, to 
do all kinds of Marble and Stone cut- 
ting. 

Adam Johnson is an old dealer in 
Marble. His sales for the last five years 
have been about $18,000 annually. 

MUSIC AND musical INSTRUMENTS. 

G. W. Chatterton keeps a fine assort- 
ment of Pianos from the most celebrated 
manufacturers ; also, other kinds of Mu- 
sical Instruments and Music. He keeps 
his musical instruments in connection 
with his fine stock of Watches and Jew- 
elry; which see. 

J. M. Pearson is one of our oldest 
dealers in Music and Musical Instruments, 
He has recently removed into new quar- 
ters, where he always has on hand a full 
supply of Bradbury's Pianos, Organs and 



84 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



other Musical instruments. He also has 
for sale H. Knauff & Son's Church 
Organs, which are universally conceded 
to be the very best instruments of their 
kind. They are selected with much care, 
and parties desiring a truly first class in- 
strument can always be accommodated. 

Mr. Pearson makes a specialty of keep- 
ing imported Music, and always has the 
latest and choicest. He has, at all times, 
the latest publications of J. Schuferth 
& Co., and all other late and fashionable 
music for the Piano. This department is 
very full at all times, and all the musical 
gems can here be found. 

Mr. William Pearson occupies the 
same building. He deals very extensive- 
ly in flue Pictures and Picture Frames, 
and has for sale some of the choicest 
•works of art. A visit to, and examina- 
tion of, his establishment, will amply 
repay any one possessing a love of the 
beautiful in art, and an appreciation of 
that which is refined and elegant. The 
citizens of Springfield should take pride 
in supporting and encouraging this es- 
tablishment, which is not only a source 
of much credit to the proprietor, but is 
an ornament to the city. All the latest 
gems of art will be found at Mr. Pear- 
son's, and it will afford him pleasure at 
all times to show visitors through his 
establishment. 

DeWitt's Temple of Music. — This 
establishment is in the fourth year of its 
existence, and has met with success un- 
known heretofore. Mr. J. A. DeWitt, 
the proprietor, is one of our enterprising 
citizens. Determined to make his house 
the great depot for Music and Musical 
instruments, he has succeeded ; and his 
establishmet is now the resort of all 
lovers of music and those in want of mu- 
sical instruments. Mr. DeWitt is agent 
for the matchless " Steinway,',' and keeps 
a full line of the Mathushek, Orchestral, 
and Colibri, Haines Bro's., and other 
Pianos, and a great variety of Organs; 
among others, the Mason & Hamlin, De- 
Witt Bros., Eureka Grand, Needham & 



Son, etc. These instruments are rented 
or sold on monthly payments. About 
six months since Mr. DeWitt commenced 
publishing sheet music. Many of his 
pieces have attained great popularity, 
among others, " Come to me, darling," 
by Prof Meissner, and " We have part- 
ed," by Lam. French. " Sleep, sister, 
sleep," by J. A. DeWitt, in reply to -'Put 
me in my little bed," bids fair to be as 
popular as the song to which it responds. 
" Take me but spare my boy," by S. W. 
Belcher, and " Dear mother, do not die," 
by Lam. French, are fresh from the press. 
They are touchingly beautiful and much 
admired. Mr. DeWitt receives in ex- 
change for his publications, all the new 
music as soon as issued. This enables 
him to fill orders by mail from all parts 
of the country. Persons at a distance 
can get what they want at reasonable 
prices by sending to his "Temple of 
Music." Mr. DeWitt's motto is, "Large 
sales and small profits." He does not 
claim to sell goods at or helow cost, but 
claims a small profit on each sale. Per- 
sons visiting the "Temple of Music" 
will always find gentlemanly attendants, 
who will take great pleasure in showing 
them around. 

NEWSPAPEKS. 

Prepared by Haeky C. Watson. 

THE ILLINOIS STATE JOURNAL. 

This paper is the oldest in the State of 
Illinois. The Sangamo Spectator, was 
first issued by Hooper Warren in 1826- 
aud was succeded by and merged into 
the Sangamo Journal, which was pub- 
lished by Simeon and Josiah Francis 
Esqs. On December 11th. 1839, a semi- 
weekly was issued. On the 23rd. of 
September 1847, the title was changed 
to Illinois Journal. On the 13th. of 
June 1848, the first daily was issued. 

In July 1855, Mr. Bailhache and E.L. 
Baker Esqs. purchased the establishment 
and S. Francis retired. On the 15th. of 
December 1863, the Illinois State Jour 
nal company, was organized and char- 
tered. On the 25th. of August 1863, 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFACTUEING. 



85 



Mr. H. Bailhache retired, and was suc- 
ceded by D] L. Phillips Esq. The pres- 
ent officers of the company are E. L. 
Baker, President ; D. L. Phillips, Vice 
President ; and J. D. Roper, Secretary. 
Mr. Roper is also the very efficient and 
thorough going cashier of the institution 
The company consists of E- L. Baker, 
D. L. Phillips, John P. Baker and J. 
M. Culbertson Esq. The Journal is the 
official state paper, is firm and consist- 
ent, republican in politics and is a very 
influential and live newspaper. E. L« 
Baker, and J. M. Culbertson are the 
political editors. Col. John P. Baker, 
General news and L. M. Snell Esq. 
city editor. 

The Journal book and job office is 
one of the finest in the State, and in the 
entire appointments and completness, 
has but few equals. A large sterotype 
department is connected therewith, the 
whole being under the direction of first 
class and efficient workmen. The Jour- 
nal is the state organ of the republican 
party, and ably fills that position. The 
terms are Daily $10, per year. Tri- 
Weekly $6. Weekly $2. 

ILLINOIS STATE KEGISTEE. 

The Illinois State JRegirier newspaper 
office was removed from Vandulia (then 
the State capital) to Springfield, in 1836, 
shortly after the paper was first started. 
Its proprietors, Messrs. Walters & Web- 
er, were State jarinters. On January 3, 
1849, the first daily Register was issued 
by Charles H. Lanphier and Geo. Walk- 
er, Esqs., who had succeeded Walters & 
Weber. In January, 1858, Mr. Walker 
dissolved his connection with the paper, 
and was succeeded by E. L. Conner, who 
purchased his share. In June, 1860, Mr. 
Lanphier purchased Mr. Conner's inter- 
est and assumed entire control of the 
paper. In the fall of 1863 a stock com- 
pany purchased the office, and under its 
management the Register was conducted 
until January 1, 1865, whenE. L. & J. D. 
Merritt, the present proprietors, pur- 
chased the office. The Hegister has for 
—12 



many years been recognized throughout 
the State as the State organ of the Dem- 
ocratic parly of Illinois. It has 
a wide circulation and influence, and 
is in a prosperous condition. Judge J, 
W. Merritt, and E. L. Merritt, Esq., are 
editors, and Major Louis Souther, city 
editor. A first-class book and job office 
is connected with the establishment. 
The Register is furnished at $10 per 
year for the Daily, and $3 for the 
Weekly. 

THE MASONIC TROWEL. 

Harman G. Reynolds, the editor and 
present publisher of the Trowel, is one 
of the oldest masons in the State, having 
taken his degrees in Warsaw Lodge, in 
1843. He was Grand Marshal of the 
Grand Lodge in 1848, and was elected 
Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge 
and Chapter, and continued as 
Grand Secretary of the Lodge un- 
til 1851. In 1868 he was elected 
Grand Master, and held this position 
for two years. He remained Secretary 
of the Grand Chapter until 1869. He 
assisted in the initiatory work of form- 
ing the Grand Council of Royal and 
Select Masters, and was the first Recorder 
of that body. Mr. Reynolds has been 
Master of three Lodges and High 
Priest of three Chapters, and 
was first Commander of Elwood 
Commandery No. 6, of this city. All of 
which positions he filled with credit to 
himself and honor to the fraternity. He 
also received, in Chicago, in 1854, the 
thirty-second degree of the Ancient 
Scottish Rites, and the thirty-third in 
Boston, in 1864. In 1858, he located in 
this city, and established in 1863 the 
Masonic Troicel, with which paper he 
retained his connection until 1868. He 
has always had the editorial control of 
its columns, and his labors therein have 
redounded to the general welfare and 
prosperity of the craft at large. By the 
fire on the night of the 22d of February, 
by which the Troweljfi&s destroyed, he 
was stripped of every dollar of his earth- 



86 



BPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



ly possessions. But true to his nature, 
he rises superior to adverse fortune, and 
is once more hard at work. He has al- 
ways been a live, working man, and now 
his numerous friends should see that he 
receives some substantial jjroof of their 
appreciation. He designs continuing the 
publication of the Troicel, and he cer- 
tainly, after a long life spent in the 
work, is entitled to the kindly considera- 
tion of the bretheren of "the mystic tie." 

THE ILLINOIS ATLAS 

Is a nine column weekly jjaper, and is 
published by the Illinois Atlas Company. 
It is independent in all things, neutral 
in nothing, and is a live, wide-awake 
readable sheet. The circulation of the 
Atlas is very large, and is constantly 
being extended. D. J. Snow, Esq., a 
well known editor, now has charge of 
the editorial department, and will in 
future devote his entire attention to the 
Atlas. The terms for subscription are 
$1 50 per year in advance. 

ILLINOIS STAATS DEMOKEAT. 

After several decidedly unsuccessful 
attempts to establish a German paper in 
Springfield, in the spring of 1866, Mr. C. 
Lohman established the Illinois Staats 
Demoh'at, and since that time has carried 
the paper on successfully. The Dcmolcrat, 
as its title denotes, advocates Democratic 
principles, and enjoys an extensive circu- 
lation in the city and throughout Central 
Illinois, and is very popular as a local 
newspaper among the Germans in this 
section of the State. Mr. Lohman is a 
practical printer. The interests of 
Springfield are well represented among 
the Germans by this large and well con- 
ducted paper. 

THE CENTRAL ILLINOIS ZEITUNG. 

This new candidate for public favor is 
puplished by the Central Illinois Zeitung 
Company, Prof VonElsner, editor. The 
Zeitung is devoted to Republicanism, 
and promises to be an iufluentual sheet. 
It is published weekly, and already has 
Becured a large circulation in the city 
and vicinity. 



PRINTING OFFICES. 

Mr. John H. Johnson now has entire 
charge of the Job Printing Office former- 
ly belonging to the late firm of Johnson 
& Bradford, on the west side of the 
Capitol Square. This office is well 
stocked and in complete running order. 
Mr. Johnson is prepared to do all kinds 
of plain and fiue book and job printing, 
in the best manner. A large bindery is 
also connected with this establishment. 

B. A. Richards & Co. — This firm is 
composed of Ben. A. Richards, who has 
been engaged in the printing business in 
this city for nearly twenty-five years, and 
Frank Hudson, jr., who is also well 
known to our citizens. Their office is on 
North Sixth street, and is one of the 
finest in the city. They devote their 
time exclusively to fine job printing, and 
the work turned out by them is not ex- 
celled in the State of Illinois. 

George R. Weber, Esq., one of the 
oldest printers in this section of the 
country, has a very good and complete 
job office on North Sixth street, between 
Washington and Jefferson streets. This 
office is well prepared to do all kinds of 
job work. 

Britt & Cassett. — Thomas J. Britt 
and L. Cassett, two well known and pop- 
ular Printers, are now carrying on the 
job printing office on the west side of 
North Sixth street, between Jefi'erson and 
Washington streets. They have all the 
late improvements in the printing art, 
and their presses, type and materials gen- 
erally, are first class. 

NOTIONS AND TOYS. 

Smith & Bro. keep an extensive 
stock of notions, and fancy goods, and 
transact almost an exclusive wholesele 
business. They keep every article in 
their line, known to the trade. 

Their store, at the north side of the 
square, is one hundred and fifty feet deep, 
and their facilities, for the transaction 
of business, are unsurpassed. They 
have been eight years in the business, 
with a growing trade, and offer every 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 



87 



advantage that can be given by any 
bouse in the west. 

PAINTERS, PAINTS, PAPER HANGERS AND 
DEALERS IN WALL PAPER. 

Thomas & Hart, do all kinds of house, 
sign and decorative painting and paj^er 
hanging. Their imitations of Sienna, 
Egyptian green, Italian pink, Verde an- 
tique, and all other kinds of marble, 
would lead the unpracticed eye to think 
they were genuine articles. 

Of woods, their imitations are so per- 
fect, that it would seem superfluous for 
nature to furnish more than one or two 
kinds, then Thomas & Hart would sup- 
ply from these, the oak, walnut, maple 
mahogany, Satin wood, and all other 
kinds. Their paintings in imitation of 
the diflferent kinds of wood, have taken 
the premium in the State fairs, at Quincy 
and Chicago. Their fresco paintings, 
are universally admired, also their wall 
paintings in imitations of silk, diaper, 
embossed leather, damask and morocco. 

These gentlemen thoroughly under- 
stand their business, and are ambitious 
that none shall excel them, in the beauty 
and accuracy of their work. Monroe 
street between Fourth and Fifth. 

MAJ. N. H. ALDEN, deals in paints, oils, 
varnishes, glass, and painters supplies 
in all varieties. He also deals in wall 
papers, borders, window shades, curtain 
fixtures, etc., etc. a fine variety of which 
will always be found upon his counters. 
He also does to order painting, graining 
and paper hanging, and has a competant 
corps of assistants, in those departments. 

His 2)lace of business is on Monroe 
street between Fourth and Fifth streets, 

Joseph Ruckel, is one of the old es- 
tablished business men, having been do- 
ing business for over twenty years. 
During the great fire, which occured on 
the night of the 22nd. of February, Mr. 
Ruckel's store was burned down. Since 
then he has removed on the opposite side 
of Fifth between Monroe and Adams, 
and has opened an entire new stock. 



It embraces wall paper, window shades, 
curtains, and curtain fixtures, a most 
extensive variety of which will always 
be found on hand. 

R. B. ZiMMEUMAN, came to Springfield 
in 1835, and has been in his present bus- 
iness since 1839, this for an old settled 
country would not be remarkable, but 
thirty-two years continuously in one bus- 
iness, is a long time for so new a coun- 
try. 

R. R. Payran, is a carriage painter, and 
does trimming, and general repairing in 
that line of business. 

PHOTOGRAPHERS. 

C. S. German has been engaged in 
Photographing in Springfield over ten 
years, is the oldest in the city, and is a 
successful operator, as his large business 
most conclusively proves. His work has 
always been of a high order, and com- 
pares favorably with that of any gallery 
in the west. He pays particular atten- 
tion to getting up fine work, large and 
small copying and coloring. If you want 
a good looking picture you must take a 
good looking countenance with you, as 
he will surely show you just as you look. 
State Gallery, west side of the square. 

M. Duboce takes pictures in every 
style of the art of photography, and gives 
particular attention to ambrotype gems. 
He has among his specimens some beauti- 
ful views of the new State capitol, and 
other objects of interest around the city. 
Gallery on Sixth street, between Monroe 
and Adams. He has also for sale some 
beautiful stereoscopic views of Oak 
Ridge and many prominent buildings in 
the city. 

Fred P. Mobsby is known as a skill- 
ful artist, and has been most fortunate in 
pleasing the tastes and wishes of all de- 
siring fine pictures. His work fully 
attests his skill, and speaks for itself. He 
is constantly adding new improvements 
to his appliances, and is prepared to exe- 
cute work to the entire satisfaction of 
all. Gallery west side of the square. 



88 



BPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



I. H. Vooehis, of the National Gal- 
lery, is well known as a popular artist, 
having been engaged here for several 
years. Everything in his line, photo- 
graphs, gems, etc., are taken "true to 
nature," at his gallery. Mr. Voorhis 
avails himself of all the latest and most 
useful improvements in his art, and is 
thoroughly posted therein. He sends 
out nothing but first-class work. 

PHYSICIANS. 

Charles Ryan, S. Townsend, 

H. Wohlgemuth, A. Trapp, 
Wm. Jayne, W. H. Davis, 

J. W. Dresser, A. L. Converse, 

B. M. Griffith, Wm. Place, 

N. Wright, C. H. Lane, 

H. B. Buck, E. A. Artsman, 

George T. Allen, P. Keuchler, 
R. S. Lord, G. W. Morgan, 

H. C. Barrel!, H. N, Keener, 

B. Fox, J. A. Vincent, 

J. L. Million, W. B. Condell. 

T. S. Henning, 

occnxisTs. 
J. D. Harper, H. H. Roman. 

Db. H. Wohlgemuth. — Among the 
old citizens of Springfield we may be al- 
lowed to say a few words with reference 
to this gentleman, who has practised 
in this city longer than any other man 
now engaged in the duties of his profes- 
sion. Dr. Wohlgemuth left his native 
country, Hanover, Germany, in 1845, and 
came to Springfield in the same year. He 
commenced the practice of medicine here 
in 1846, and labored under many disad- 
Tantages at first, but his life has been 
very successful. At the time he came to 
Springfield there were thirteen other 
practicing physicians here. Of this num- 
ber ther is but one residing in the city — 
Dr. P. Moran, who long since retired 
from practice on account of old age and 
failing health. Drs. Hughes, Merriman, 
Cabines, Lustar, Henry, Richardson, 
Wallace, Todd, Gersham Jayne, Hug- 
gins, M. Helm, and others, have passed 
away from their earthly labors since his 
arrival. 



It is not in his profession only, that 
Dr. Wohlgemuth has made his influence 
felt, but he has in many ways become 
identified with the growth and prosperi- 
ty of the city of his adoption. He has 
in an eminent degree enjoyed the confi- 
dence of his patrons as a practitioner of 
medicine ; and as a public spirited cit- 
izen, has received evidences of confidence 
and esteem. He has at various times 
discharged the duties of City Physician, 
and County Physician, Director of Public 
Schools, and Member of the City Council. 

Much credit is due to him, as Mana- 
ger of Oak Ridge Cemetery, in which 
capacity he served for a number of years. 
He with his co-laborers, took charge of 
those grounds, when all was covered 
with a thick growth of underbrush, 
which could hardly be realized by those 
who have seen it only in its present high 
state of culture, and ornamentation. 

The most important acts of the public 
life of Dr. Wohlgemuth, has been his 
labor, in connection with Col. John 
Williams and C. W. Matheny, Esq., as 
Commissioners for the construction of the 
City Water Works of Springfield. This 
work required two years of unremitting 
exertion on their part, and was com- 
pleted to the entire satisfaction of the 
public. 

As the Doctor is now only about fifty 
years of age, he is still active in his pro- 
fession, with a store of experience, which 
will be of much value to his patrons for 
years to come. 

Springfield Tnfiemart and Private 
Hospital. — Dk. William H. Davis is 
the proprietor of this establis jment. Be- 
sides an extensive city practice he makes 
a specialty of surgery and treatment of 
cases of chronic diseases. Here the pa- 
tient, suffering from any lingering mal- 
ady, requiring the constant care of a skill- 
ful physician, can enjoy all the comforts 
of a home and careful nursing, at the 
same time. 

The reputation of Dr. Davis for the 
kind and watchful care over his patients, 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 



89 



and his skill in treating these ailments, is 
so well established, that those who are 
in need of such treatment should not 
hesitate a moment in placing themselves 
under his care. 

The infirmary is on Washington street, 
near the depot of the Chicago and St. 
Louis Railroad. 

Dr. J. D. Harper came to Springfield 
in 1853, and entered upon the practice 
of bis profession. Prom that to the 
present time he has made diseases of the 
eye and ear a specialty. From personal 
knowledge, I have reason to believa that 
making the treatment of these delicate 
organs a constant study, has been a bless- 
ing to many thus afflicted. 

The foregoing list comprises the names 
of the leading medical men of Springfield. 
It embraces some of the principal prac- 
tioners in the profession, of whom some 
very interesting biographical sketches 
might be added. 

rOEK PACKING. 

Mr. James Lamb came to Springfield 
in the year 1831, and has been actively 
engaged in business during all the inter- 
veuina; years. He commenced packing 
pork in lSS4r-3f), and has continued it to 
the present time. Springfield has been 
his home during all that time ; but, in 
order to save the expense of transporta- 
tion, before railroads came into use, he 
for a few years did his packing first at 
Kaskaskia, next at Alton, and then at 
Beardstown. Smce 1842 his operations 
have been confined to Springfield. For 
the last fifteen years his transactions have 
been very large, paying out, annually, 
from two hundred and fifty to three hun- 
dred thousand dollars, reaching the high- 
est point in 1864, which amounted to half 
a million dollars. He has one of the 
finest, most substantial, and best ar- 
ranged buildings for pork packing in the 
Western country. 

Mr. Lamb has been, at different times, 
engaged in manufacturing, and has al- 
ways been among the foremost citizens 
to encourage enterprises calculated to de- 



velop the resources of the country and 
build up trade. Every movement for 
the religious, mental and moral elevation 
of those around him, has always found 
in him a liberal supporter. 

SEWING MACniNES. 

J. H. H. Bennet sells the Singer Sew- 
ing Machine, and by his fair dealing, 
prompt attention to the wants of his cus- 
tomers, and complete mastery of this fa- 
vorite machine, has merited and won the 
confidence of his patrons. 

During the year 1870 the Singer Man- 
ufacturing Co. sold 127,625 machines — 
44,625 more than were sold by any other 
company. Of these sales Mr. Bennett 
made his full proportion. 

Adam M. Stein is agent for the American 
Button Hole Over-seaming Sewing Ma- 
chine, which possesses two peculiarities, 
which are expressed by its name. It has 
an attachment for cutting and working 
button holes, and another device for over- 
seaming, besides doing all other kinds of 
family sewing. This is one of the best 
machines in use. His place of business 
is on South Fifth street. 

Hunt & Young carry on the State oflSce 
of the Howe Sewing Machine Company. 
They began business about one year ago, 
and since that time have disposed of 
1300 machines. Their business last year 
foots up nearly $80,000, and they expect 
the coming year to nearly double that 
amount. Over 90,000 machines a year 
are manufactured and sold by the compa- 
ny, which is a proof of their merits. 
Messrs. Hunt & Young have finely fitted 
sales rooms, and are prepared to promptly 
fill all orders at No. 9, Monroe street. 

STOVES AND TINWARE. 

Mb. E. Kreigh deals in cook and heat- 
ing stoves, furnaces and house furnishing 
goods. He also manufactures all kinds 
of tin, copper and sheet iron ware. His 
store is on Fifth street, between Adams 
and Monroe. Mr. Kreigh is one of the 
oldest and most respected citizens and 
business men of Springfield. 



90 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



Geo. W. Bolingeh deals in stoves, tin 
ware, crockery and house furnishing 
goods generally. He also puts up gutters, 
spouts and metal roofing. 

Robinson & Bauman, dealers in stoves, 
and manufacturers of tin, sheet iron, 
and copper. 

They are also agents for marblcized 
iron, mantel, and grates, hot air furnaces, 
and patent tile. Their sales amount to 
about $25,000, annually. Store and shop, 
on 1 ifth street, north of the First Na- 
tional Bank. 

Henry Bugg, is manufacturer of and 
dealer in stoves, tin, and sheet iron ware. 
He also sells pumps, and deals in queens 
ware. North side of Capitol Square. 

C. H. Edmands, deals in stoves, tin, and 
sheet iron ware, and puts up roofing and 
guttering. Gives particular attention to 
street and saloon lanterns, lamps, and 
lamp posts. Monroe street, between 
Fifth and Sixth. 

L. F. Dyson, deals in stoves, tin and 
hollow ware, wooden ware, etc. He also 
does roofing and guttering. His annual 
sales are about $15,000. His place of 
business is on Washington street, east of 
the Court House. 

H. C* CuLLOM, wholesale and retail 
dealer in stoves and tin ware, and agri- 
cultural implements. Manufacturer of 
tin, copper, sheet iron, and zinc work. 
He gives particular attention to steam 
mill, and railroad work. Does roofing, 
guttering, and spouting to order. Store 
on Monroe street opposite the Post 
Office. 

WATCHES, CLOCKS AND JEWELRY. 

W. D. Wakd deals in watches from 
the best manufactories, both in Europe 
and America, but he gives particular at- 
tention to the Waltham and Elgin 
watches, and will keep those of the 
Springfield Watch Company, as soon as 
they are in the market. 

Of clocks, he keeps all the best kinds, 
and will supply, to order, any kind that 
may be called for, if it is to be obtained. 



Silver Ware from the manufactory of 
Rogers & Brothers, Meriden, Conn., he 
always keeps a full assortment of. 

The American Spectacle Company, of 
Detroit, Mich., is well represented in Mr. 
Ward's show cases. These Spectacles 
are made from the Brazilian rock quartz, 
without any heat whatever. The pebble 
is taken in its natural condition, sawed 
into thin plates and then polished. 
These glasses are said to be superior to 
any other substance known for preserv- 
ing the eye. West side of Fifth street 
opposite the Square. 

A. H. Fisher deals extensively in fine 
jewelry of every description, selected 
with much care from the largest houses 
in the East. His stock comprises every 
thing usually found in first cUss estab- 
lishments, including all the rich and 
novel styles of fashionable jewelry and 
silver ware. He pays particular atten- 
tion to regulating and repairing fine 
watches, and has the best of workmen in 
his employ. His establishment is in 
Keuchler's fine building, opposite the 
Postoffice. 

George W. Chatterton has been es- 
tablished at the stand he now occupies 
on the west side of the square, since 
1839, and is consequently one of the old- 
est, if not the oldest, established Jewel- 
er in Central Illinois. Mr. Chatterton, 
in addition to his varied stock of fine 
jewelry, has always kept a large and fine 
stock of.Pianos, musical instruments and 
musical merchandise. The stock is very 
large, full and complete, and embraces 
everything usually found in a first class 
establishment of this character. Mr. 
Chatterton is a practical watch, clock 
and chronometer maker, and has devoted 
many years to repairing the same. All 
orders from abroad will receive his espe- 
cial attention, and be filled with entire 
satisfaction to his patrons. 

DEALERS IN WOOD, COAL AKD BALED HAY. 

HoBERT T. Ives has been in other bu- 
siness in Springfield since 1859, but com- 
menced the present business in 1870. 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 



91 



FLOURING MILLS, BREWERIES GRAIN ELEVATORS AND THE 

GRAIN TRADE. 



The grain trade and its manufacture, 
partaking as it does of the characteristics 
of both mercantile and manufacturing, 
I have grouped all the business relating 
to either branch, together, here between 
the two. 

FLOURINa MILLS. 

M. HicKOX is the proprietor of the 
Excelsior Mills. They have three run 
of burrs, and are capable of making 
about 150 barrels of flour every twenty- 
four hours- Mr. Hickox pays the high- 
est cash price for wheat, and transacts 
business to the amount of about |50,000 
annually. 

Wackekle & Rapps are the j^roprie- 
tors of the Phoenix Mills. The mills 
have capacity to make about 135 barrels 
of flour daily. Their sales amount to 
about $40,000 annually. 

Logan & Ridgely are the proprietors 
of Everybody's Mill. Do a large amount 
of custom work, and buy wheat also. The 
capacity of the mill is from 125 to 150 
barrels per day. 

William McCAGtrE is proprietor of the 
-iEtna Mills. They have three run of 
burrs, and are capable of making about 
150 barrels of flour every twenty-four 
hours. He buys wiieat at all times, and 
his annual sales amount to from $50,000 
to $60,000 annually. 

B. F. Haines & Co. are the proprietors 
of the Illinois Mills. This establishment 
%vas built in the year 1861, with four run 
of burrs, and is capable of making about 
200 barrels of flour in twenty-four hours. 
This is the largest mill in the city, but 
none of them are worked to their full 
capacity. The sales of B. F. Haines & 
Co. run from $70,000 to $80,000 annually. 



Mr. Addison Hickox, the partner of Mr. 
Haines, is the oldest miller, and has 
built more mills, than any other man in 
Sangamon county. 

BREWERIES. 

F. Reisch & Son are the oldest brew- 
ers in the city, having been carrying on 
the business here for over twenty years. 
Two years ago they spent over fifty thou- 
sand dollars in additions to their brewery 
and now have one of the finest and most 
complete establishments in the State. 
They employ sixteen hands, purchase 
and use 30,000 bushels of barley per 
year, and do a business of $100,000 per 
annum. The value of their buildings, 
etc., is $100,000. 

Fischer & Co. are successors to M. 
K. Keydell. Their fine brewery is situa- 
ted in the northwest portion of the city, 
and Keydell's Park is known as one of 
the most beautiful spots in Springfield. 
This firm employs twelve men, buys about 
fifteen thousand bushels of barley per 
year, and sell about $60,000 worth per 
year. The value of the brewery and 
grounds is over $75,000. 

John Landhelmer has a brewery in 
operation in the south-west part of the 
city. He does a small business, however, 
only for home consumption. 

Nolte & Ackerman carry on an ex- 
tensive brewery in the west part of the 
city. It was built by Phillip Acker- 
man in 1864. In 1869 Mr. A. Nolte, a 
well known business man became asso- 
ciated with Mr. Ackerman, and has 
with him built up a large business. This 
firm makes and sells about four thousand 
barrels of beer per year, and employ six 
hands in its manufacture. 



92 



BPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



GRAIN AND GRAIN ELEVATOR. 

Messrs. Post & Eastman commenced 
building a grain elevator, near the depot 
of the Chicago and St. Louis Railroad, 
in the spring of 1865, and completed it 
in January, 1866. It is sixty feet wide, 
seventy feet long, and one hundred and 
ten feet high. The first seventy-five feet 
from the ground is iron clad, as a protec- 
tion against fire. The whole building is 
erected in the most solid and substantial 
manner, and cost $63,000. The elevator 
is constructed with bins capable of hold- 
ing 120,000 bushels of grain. In addi- 
tion to this there are corn cribs belonging 
to the proprietors, and on the same lots, 
with capacity for about 30,000 bushels. 
A steam engine runs the hoisting ma- 
chinery, and with everything in order 
they can receive and ship from eight to 
ten thousand bushels of grain, per day. 



The elevator firm receives and ships about 
one quarter of a million bushels of wheat 
annually. The five mills buy and manu- 
facture an average of 50,000 bushels each, 
besides one or two outside parties, who 
buy and ship on a small scale, making a 
total of about half a million bushels of 
wheat received at this market, annually. 
The quantity of corn and oats received 
here amounts, in the aggregate, to about 
half a million bushels also. About 75,000 
bushels of barley are used in the brewer- 
ies in Springfield, and in addition to this 
the grain dealers buy and ship barley 
also. The total quantity of grain of all 
kinds received at the Springfield market, 
is about one and a quarter millions of 
bushels annually. 

The elevator is now owned by Eastman 
& Co. — Col. John Williams having taken 
the place of Mr. Post October 10, 1870. 



MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS, 



All of the ten or twelve stove and tin 
ware dealers in the city have more or 
less work done in tin, copper and sheet 
iron ; but none of them are entitled to 
the dignity of being called a manufac- 
tory, because there is not a stove foundery 
in the place. 

There is a considerable number of men 
engaged in making boots and shoes, but 
each man has his own kit of tools, which 
he could pack and march at a minute's 
notice ; there is consequently nothing 
like a manufactory in this line of busi- 
ness. 

Of all the eight or ten furniture deal- 
ers, the principal portion of them have 
some work made about their places of 
business; but as there is no machinery 
used, and no propelling power except 
human muscles, the only appropriate lan- 
guage is to say, there is no furniture fac- 
tory in the city. 



I might go over a great many more 
branches of business, in detail, with the 
same result ; but the best way to show 
what the vacancies are and what there is 
not, is to show what there is. The fol- 
lowing firms and companies comprise all 
there is in the way of manufactories in 
Springfield. 

BOILER makers. 

"Wilson & Drake have a boiler shop, 
here and at Decatur. Mr. Drake resides 
here, and has been running this shop for 
six years. They do repairing of all kinds 
and make boilers to order. 

CAEEIAGE AND WAGON MANUFACTORY. 

A. Booth, Son & Co. The senior mem- 
ber of this firm commenced business about 
seven miles north of Springfield, in the 
year 18i0. In 1854 he removed his es- 
tablishment to Springfield, where the 
business has increased steadily to the 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MAJSUFAOTUKINO. 



93 



present time. They now make about 
830 vehicles per year. Their work is 
chiefly on road wagons, but tliey make a 
considerable number of carriages and 
buggies. They give employment to 
twenty-five hands, and their annual sales 
amount to about $75,000. 

Their business is now growing faster 
than at any jjrevious era of this history. 
In order to meet the demands of the trade 
they are erecting a mammoth store house, 
for sales rooms, at the corner of Adams 
and Eighth street, one square south of 
their factory. 

McDonald & Bko. commenced, Janu- 
ary 1, 1863, the manufacture of carriages, 
buggies and spring wagons. They em- 
ploy from ten to twenty men. Manufac- 
ture all the time, and do repairing when 
called for. They use none but tlie best 
of materials, and employ the best work- 
men to be obtained in the country. Bus- 
iness amounts to from $15,000 to $20,000 
annually. Messrs. McDonald & Bro. are 
both young and energetic, and bid fair 
to build up a fine business. 

WiTHEY BEOTfiERS, three in number, 
commenced business in Springfield in 
1854, and, by industry and perseverance, 
have built up a fine trade. After six 
years incessant labor their shops were 
almost totally destroyed by a hurricane, 
August 6, 1860. They immediately re- 
built, and on tha 19th of April, 1861, 
their factory was swept away by fire. 
With undaunted courage they have toiled 
on, and now have a fine establishment, 
giving employment to about twenty-five 
men. They make principally fine car- 
riages and buggies, and some lumber 
wagons. Their sales average from $50,- 
000 to $60,000, annually. 

Mybes & Talbott make pome new 
work, and do a general repairing business. 
Employ seven men, and do a business of 
about $12,000 annually. 

Mr. August Kessbebger commenced 
building wagons in Springfield in the 
year 1S61. He was without capital, and 
—13 



increased his business only as his earn- 
ings would justify it. Mr. Kessberger is 
the inventor and patentee of what is 
called the Iron Clad Pipe Axle. It is a 
combination of wrought iron pipe, with 
cast iron skeins or axles arms, with wood 
filling, and has a truss rod beneath, for 
making the axle more firm. The patent 
includes an attachment for a ring bolt, 
without making a hole through the axle 
and bolster, thus retaining all the strength 
at every point. This axle is undoubtedly 
a valuable invention, and wagon manu- 
facturers elsewhere would do well to con- 
sult Mr. Kessberger, who has rights for 
the use of the patent for sale, either for 
shops, counties or States. 

Mr. K. has recently formed a partner- 
ship with several of his workmen, and 
the style of the firm is A. Kessberger & 
Co. Thirteen men find employment here, 
and manufacture about 200 wagons an- 
nually, amounting to about $30,000. 

Allen Miller has been about four- 
teen years making carriages and wagons 
in Springfield. His principal business is 
building fine buggies and carriages, and 
doing general repairing. He works from 
six to ten men. Shops on Monroe street 
near the city hall. 

Jacob Divelbiss commenced making 
wagons in Springfield in the year 1837, 
and continued in business until 1868, 
when he was succeeded by Beard & 
Hodge. In February, 1S70, Mr. Beard 
withdrew from the firm. 

1Mb. Jacob Hodge is now the sole pro 
prietor, and he works an average of six 
hands, making lumber wagons, spring 
wagons, and does general repairing. 
This establishment has, for thirty-four 
years, sustained its reputation for good 
work, and it is not likely to degenerate 
in the hands of the present proprietor. 
Shops on North Eighth street. 

FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS. 

The ^TNA Foundry, and Machine 
Shops, were established by Lowry, Lamb, 
& Co. in lS4a The present shops were 



94 



BPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



erected in 1849. At one time woolen 
machinery was in operation, in a part of 
the building, and at another two or three 
thousand plows were made annually. 
The business now is confined, principally 
to foundry work, and building steam en- 
gines, and mill machinery. From twenty- 
five to thirty-five hands are employed, 
and the business transacted amounts to 
about $50,000, annually. Mr. John C. 
Lamb is the present proprietor. 

Toledo, Wabash & Wkstern Railway 
Shops. The company employs about 
310 men, who receive their pay, at this 
point, and the monthly pay roll is about 
$30,000. Of this number about 180, are 
employed in the shops, under monthly 
pay, of between $12,000, and $18,000- 
—See article on T. W. <& W. Railway, 
page 33. 

S. F. Eastman, keeps a shop for re- 
pairing all kinds of farm and mill ma- 
chinery. Works four men, and runs a 
steam engine of eight horse power. 

The ExcELSiOB Foundry, and Machine 
works, were established in 1854, and 
have been in the hands of the present 
proprietors, Messrs. Berryman & Ripon, 
since 1856. They are botli practical 
workmen, and have the reputation of 
understanding their business thoroughly. 
As an evidence of the estimation, in 
which their work is held at home, I need 
only refer to the fact that the steam 
engines and hoisting apparatus for all 
the four coal shafts in this county, 
were made at this establishment. They 
not only give special attention to coal 
mining machinery, but do all kinds of 
mill work, and every thing else pertain- 
ing to a first class establishment of the 
kind. 

This firm employs from twenty-five to 
forty men and do a business amounting 
to about $50,000, annually. 

The Alexander Corn Planter, Factory, 
has a foundry for doing its own work, 
but no other. 



king's sauce royal. 

In the fall of 1869 William King com- 
menced manufacturing a condiment for 
the table, and called it "King's Sauce 
Royal." This preparation gives an em- 
phatic answer to the question, "What's 
in a name ?" It is a royal sauce and 
good enough to tickle the palate of a 
king. 

After having it tested among his im- 
mediate acquaintances, he caused some 
of it to be sold by samjiles at several 
points remote from each other. In this 
way it was introduced into Fort Wayne, 
Pittsburgh, Chicago, St. Louis and New 
Orleans. From every point where it 
was introduced orders came for more, 
and each successive order was for double 
the quantity of the one before it. 

In July, 1870, Mr. King formed a part- 
nership with C. and J. Conkling, under 
the firm name of Conkling & King. 
The new firm at once fitted up a manu- 
factory with suitable apparatus and 
steam boilers, to prosecute the work on 
a larger scale. They went into the mar- 
ket and purchased onions, tomatoes and 
such other materials as are used in pre- 
paring the sauce, and employed twelve 
hands. They kept the manufactory in 
operation, night and day, from July until 
November. 

When Mr. King commenced he put 
the Sauce Royal up in half pint and 
quart bottles only ; but the new firm put 
it up in half pint and pint bottles, and in 
kegs of five and ten gallons, and in half 
barrels and barrels- They have been 
shipping it by the car load to fill orders 
in New York, San Francisco, and many 
other points. 

Heretofore they have purchased all 
their vegetables in the market, but they 
are now preparing to plant five acres of 
onions and thirty-five acres of tomatoes, 
and beside this will buy in the market. 
In order to be sure and exclude all dele- 
terious ingredients, they manufacture 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTURINO, 



95 



their own vinegar from pialt and high- 
wines. 

The machinery and apparatus they put 
up Uist year was tliouglit, at the time, ta 
be sufficient for the next five years, but 
they are now increasing it to ten times 
the capacity. They have twenty men 
employed on tlie farm now, and when the 
time comes for gathering and manufac- 
turing, it will give employment to a 
much uirgcr number. 

This business is in its infmcy, but, 
without doubt, it will grow to much 
larger proportions. I have been thus 
particular in describing it because there 
are liuudreds of other industries out of 
which large and lucrative establishments 
might be built up ; and there is no place 
where it can be done to better advan- 
tage than in Springfield, where water 
and fuel abound, railroad facilities are 
so abundant and increasing, and in so 
rich a farming country from which to 
draw supplies and find a market for 
many of the articles manufactured. 

ORNAMENTAL CARVING. 

"William Helmle is an ornamental 
carver in wood. He does the carving of 
caps for columns and pilasters, for cor- 
nices and all other work in his line of 
business, for both public and private 
buildings. 

PLANING MILLS, OK DOGE, SASH AND BLIND 
MANUFACTOIUES. 

Hopping & Kidgely erected a large, 
well arranged building, during the sum- 
mer of 1866. and fitted it up with pla- 
ners and all other machinery pertaining 
to a first class planing mill, at a total 
cost, for building and machinery, of 
$40,000. The work turned out from this 
factory is equal to that from any similar 
establishment in the State. They em- 
ploy from forty to fifty hands, and the 
monthly pay roll is about $1,500. Tlieir 
annual sales amount to about $60,000. 
Near Chicago and St. Louis Ilailroad. 

Thompson & Newman put their plan- 
ing mill in operation in 1866, also. They 



keep about fifteen hands employed, and 
their annual sales amount to about $25,- 
000, principally jobbing. Near the old 
depot of the T., W. & W. Railway. 
PLOW manufacturing. 
John Uhler has been in Springfield 
since 1839. Being a blacksmith, he has 
done general jobbing and manufactured 
some plows almost every year. Mr. 
Uhler has not made more than three or 
four hundred i^lovvs annually at any time, 
and is not now making more than two 
or three hundred per year. 

ROPE AND CORDAGE MANUPACTOUIE8. 

Jacob Schilling has been manufactu- 
ring rope in this city for over twenty- 
three years, at his manufactory, in the 
west part of the city. He makes cord- 
age, rope and sash cord, and manufac- 
tures about 30,000 pounds per year. Mr. 
Schilling uses New Zealand, Sicilian and 
Missouri hemp, and Manilla imported 
from Spain, in the manufacture of rope 
and cordage. 

Another small manufactory is carried 
on near Messrs. Starne & Shutt's coal 
shaft, northwest of the city. 
sickle sections. 

John Shaw, is the inventor and man- 
ufacturer of a new kind of Sickle Sec- 
tion, These sections are serrated, that 
is, they are cut similar to an old fash- 
ioned sickle, or reap hook. They are 
warranted to cut equally well in grain 
or grass. 

Farmers who have used them, say they 
will run four or five times as long with- 
out grinding, as those most generally in 
use. All can appreciate the value of 
time thus saved. 

Mk, Shaw will be recognized, by 
many as the file cutter, who has iiisshop 
near Hopping & Ridgely's planing mill, 
but for the benefit of those at a distance, 
I would say that his address is John 
Shaw, P. O. Box 1226, Springfield 111. 

soap AND CANDLE FACTORY. 

G. A. Vanduyn & Co., erected a fac- 
tory in 1860, for making soap and can- 



96 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



dies. The capacity of their poap ket 
ties is 5000 pounds, and tbe rer.dering 
tanks, twenty barrels. In making cau- 
dles, they use three setsi)f machines. A 
steam boiler, twenty fiet long, iind forty- 
two inches in diameter, supplies the 
necessary heat for prosecuting the bus- 
iness. This factory is only a secondaiy 
matter. Tiie principal business of Messrs. 
Vanduyn & Co., is dealing in wool, hides, 
sheep pelts and tallow. 

The factory, is situated one half mile 
north of the city limits, and the office 
of Vanduyn & Co. is on Sixth street, op- 
posite the Journal Office. 

FiiEDEiucK Bauer isjust commencing 
a new establishment, for the manufacture 
of soap. 

"WOOLEN MILLS. 

The first woolen mill in Springfield 
was established by H. M. Armstrong, on 
the corner of Fourth and Market streets. 
This establishment did nothing but card 
wool into rolls, and ran about six months 
in each year — one poor blind old horse, 
furnishing the motive power. In order 
to keep pace with the growth of the city, 
in the year 1851, the tirm of Armstrong 
& Co. — consisting of H. M. Armstrong, 
and Joseph and Edward II. Thayer — built 
the present Springfield woolen mills, on 
south Fourth stnet. In 1860, 11. S. 
Dickeruian & E. K. Tliayi r, purchased 
the interest of Mr. Armstrong, who re- 
tired. This establishment was first pre- 
pared for carding wool into rolls, and in 
this way was run for several years. 

The manufacture of cloth was com- 
menced about the year 1852. The pres- 
ent well arranged and substantial build- 
ings were all put on the ground since 
1S60. They cover an area of about ten 
thousand square feet, and are three full 
stories, with an attic and basement. 
They run five sets of cards, and do spin- 
ning, weaving, and finishing to corres- 



five to seventy operatives find employ- 
ment in these mills. It is the intention 
of the proprietors to increase their ma- 
chiiury, so as to more than doul)le the 
capacity of the mills. 

Messrs. Dickciman *& Co. are constantly 
adding new machinery to their mills. 
Every new and important invention is 
introduced into their works, and many 
thousands of dollars are annually ex- 
pended by them for machinery. They 
aie about introducing a full supply of 
new looms, which are said to be the 
finest thing ever invented, and will have 
them ready for operation about the first 
of June. During this season tluy built 
an iron chamber tVir the picker, and have 
erected a first class fire proof coal house. 
Messrs. Dickerman & Co. are at all times 
prepared to buy wool, either for their 
own use or for shipping. 

ALEXANDEE COEN PLANTER FACTOEY. 

One of the most extensive manufactur- 
ing establishments in this city is just west 
of the Chic'-.go and Alton railroad depot, 
and is used by Messrs. Converse & Swan- 
nell in manuficturing the Alexander 
Corn Planter, one of the greatest inven- 
tions of the day in agricultural imple- 
ments. The history of the wonderful 
and almost unprecedented introduction 
and sale of thts< m.ichines, would seem 
almost a tale ol fiction. 

The AKxiinder Corn Planter was in- 
vented and patented, in 1865, by T. K. 
Alexander, of Decatur, since deceased. 
A re-issue of the patent on the four cham- 
ber drop was made, in 1865, to D. R. and 
John Alexander. The manufacture of 
the planter was commenced by D. R. 
Alexander at Decatur, in 1867. In 1868 
the patent was purchased by John O. 
Sloan and B. R. Ross, who removed to 
Springfield and began manufacturing 
here — the work being done for them by 
William Stonebarger. The first year they 



prmd, making about 250,000 yards of manufactured forty-two machines. In 
cloth, mostly flannels, amounting to July, 1869, L, Converse began manu- 
about $160,000, annually. From sixty- facturing for Sloan & Ross. In Septem- 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANDFACTUKING. 



07 



ber, Mr. Swannell purchfised the interest 
of Mr. Ross, and the firm of Cojivtrse «& 
Swannell tlien begun manufacturing for 
J. O. Sloan. This firm manufactured, in 
3870, one thousand machines, which were 
readily disposed of, and this season they 
have made and sold over two thousand, 
•which enormous number was not sufficient 
to supply the demand. The proprietors 
think it will take five thousand to meet 
the wants next year, and they are fully 
confident that that number can be in- 
creased each year. They have many or- 
ders left over and unfilled, having re- 
ceived them too late to fill them, but 
they will be fully prepared to meet the 
demand next year. Tliese machines are 
now sold in nine States, and but a few 
weeks ago they forwarded a carload to 
the State of Virginia. They are now in- 
troduced and used extensively where two 
years ago a corn planter was entirely un- 
known. They are now the best and most 
favorite machine in use. 

Messrs. Converse & Swannell have 
erected very extensive works on West 
Jefferson street, for manufacturing these 
machines, and are almost daily spreading 
their limits as their business grows and 
increases. Tiicy are determined to keep 
up with the demands made upon them, 
and their energy and enterprise, in prose- 
cuting to a successful termination this 
business, is well vvorlliy the imitation of 
our citizens and men ot capital. 

They design erecting at once a three 
story brick building, forty feet front and 
one hundred feet deep, which will cost 
nearly eight thousand dollars. It will 
be used as an office, sales rooms, and ship- 
ping department. The buildings now 
erected are valued at $15,000, and are ar- 
ranged with especial reference to the 
manufacture of the machines. Messrs. 
Converse & Swannell employ, during the 
manufacturing season, eighty-seven men, 
machinists, wood workmen, moulders and 
blacksmiths. Their average pay roll 
amounted to $1000 per week. They also 



used, this season, 210,000 pounds of iron, 
and nearly 150,000 feet of lumber. Three 
general agents are constantly employed, 
besides a whole army of local agents. 
Their manuficturing season commences 
August 1st, and continues until April 
15th. The sales of the firm, comprised 
in this year, foot up over $100,000, and 
will be doubled next season. It has been 
impossible, heretofore, to supply the de- 
mand, but in future they will be found 
equal to the emergency. 

The citizens of Springfield will do well 
to visit this establishment, and see what 
is being done in their midst. They will 
see capital and labor here joined hand in 
hand, and the practical workings thereof 
being the financial benefit of the city at 
large. Mr. Converse has charge of the 
mechanical department, Mr. Sloan is su- 
perintendent of the sales department, and 
Mr. Wm. P. Grimsley is cashier. 

SPRINGFIELD WATCH COMPANT. 

This company was organized under 
the general laws of Illinois, for the gov- 
ernment of incorporated companies, Jan. 
26, 1870, with a capital stock of one 
hundred thousand dollars. Hon. John 
T. Stuart was elected President ; Col. 
John Williams, Vice President; George 
N. Black, Treasurer, and W. B. Miller, 
Secretary. 

A large room was secured over Messrs. 
Berryman & Rippon's Machine shop, and 
stocked with lathes and planers from the 
works of Pratt, Whitney & Co., Hart- 
ford, Conn., together with tools from 
various other manufacturers. 

On the first ot May, ten or twelve ex- 
perienced artisans — who were employed 
in the first enterprise of making watches 
in this country by machinery, at Wal- 
tham, Mass., and with other companies 
in the East, and who were the principal 
operators in the National Watch Factory 
in this State, from its commencement to 
the beginning of the present enterprise — 
commenced making tools here for the 
manufacture of Watches. 



98 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



The company secured by the liberality 
of Henry Converse, Esq., and others, fif- 
teen acres of laud as a site for the fac- 
tory, which is beautifully situated on 
North Grand Avenue, just outside the 
city limits, and adjoining the grounds of 
the Springfield City Water Works Reser- 
voir. The company adopted a design, 
drawn by the well known architect, J. 
C. Cochrane, Esq , and immediately pro- 
ceeded to erect their factory. 

At the beginning of December, 1870, 
the buildings were so far advanced that 
the machinery was removed into it, from 
their former shops, and operations con- 
tinued. 

The machinery, which is now almost 
completed, embraces many of their former 
inventions and improvements, together 
with a great number of recent novel ideas. 
Their late increase of capital stock shows 
that the company are going to build up 
a mammoth establishment, in addition to 
malcing watches superior to any others. 

It is but reasonable to expect, with 
the large experience they ■ have had in 
building up other establishments, that 
this object will be attained. 

The average number of men employed 
has been twenty eight, but at the present 
time it is thirty-four. This number will 
be greatly increased, and a large number 
of females will be employed very soon 
also, as the work of making the parts of 



watches has already commenced. It 
will now be but a few weeks until time 
pieces from the factory of the Spring- 
field Watch Company will be found in 
the show cases of all first class jewelers. 
At the annual meeting of the company, 
March 1st, 1871, the capital stock was 
increased to $300,000. At the same tiuie 
a board of five directors were chosen, 
consisting of John T. Stuart, John Wil- 
liams, W. B. Miller. John W. Bunn, and 
W. D. Richardson. The old board of 
officers were all re-elected, namely : Hon. 
John T. Stuart, president; Col. John 
Williams, vice president ; George N. 
Black, treasurer ; and W. B. Miller, sec- 
retary. 

J. K. Bigelow, Esq., who has held re- 
sponsible positions, in watch factories, 
from the commencement of watch man- 
ufacturing in this country, has superin- 
tended the work from the beginning of 
this enterprise. Under his supervision, 
not only the delicate and ingenious ma- 
chinery for watch making has been man- 
ufactured, but the neat, beautiful, and 
well constructed edifice has been erected 
also. To describe the building, and ma- 
chinery, in all its complicated parts, to- 
gether with the varied processes of 
of watch making, would require the 
space of a dozen such articles as this. 
They will bo worthy of an elaborate de- 
scription hereafter. 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTURINO. 



99 



GENERAL REVIEW OR CONCLUDING REMARKS. 



Springfield has long been noted for its 
comfortable, handsome and even palatial 
residences. There is probably a larger 
proportion of the business men in this 
city who own the houses in which they 
transact business, and the residences they 
occupy, than in any other town of equal 
size in the west. This has doubtless con- 
tributed largely to the stability of its 
business men. Enormous rents for busi- 
ness houses and dwellings has been the 
ruin of many a man or firm who would 
otherwise have been prosperous. 

When trade is good, these expenses 
can be met, but in times of general de- 
pression, almost everything else finds its 
level before rents give way, and when re- 
lief comes it is often too late. This very 
security in Springfield has exerted its in- 
fluence in causing business to move slow- 
ly. If it is dull they can take the world 
easy, for the discharge of a few clerks or 
workmen reduces the expenses to a mere- 
ly nominal figure. A man once estab- 
lished in business, usually remains for 
life. It will be seen, by running over the 
business notices, that there is a larga 
proportion of men here who have been 
continuously in business from thirty to 
forty years, and many more such could be 
named. 

The fact that business moves steadily 
and withont parade, is no evidence of a 
lack of enterprise. Springfield has ex- 
pended more than three quarters of a 
million dollars, because of its being the 
State Capital ; beginning with the $50,- 
000 to secure the first location of it 
here ; $350,000 for the Leland Hotel— 
for which there would have been no de- 
mand on any other giounds, and $200,000 
for the old Capitol, for a Court House, 



when they could have built one to suit 
them better for less money. The inter- 
est on the money invested In that build- 
ing will amount to all of $150,000 from 
the date of purchase, before the purcha- 
sers can have any use of it. $70,000 for 
the land donated to the State, on which 
the new State House is being erected, and 
the city is now under bonds to purchase 
not to exceed four acres more, to enlarge 
the new State House grounds, which will 
cost $100,000 more. Put ali those to- 
gether and it will be found that Spring- 
field has expended nearer one million of 
dollars than three-quarters, because it is 
the State Capital. 

The people of a city destitute of en- 
terprise, are not likely to expend a mil- 
lion dollars on a single object. The 
truth is, Springfield has manifested an 
enterprising spirit, on this question, that 
would have put her far ahead of any who 
are now her rivals, if it had been direct- 
ed to building up manufacturing indus- 
tries. But it is not too late to do that 
yet and then have both. The idea has 
prevailed, for a long time, that a State 
Capital could not be a commercial or 
manufacturing town. Indianapolis has 
has proved the fallacy of that theory. 
Springfield now has advantages superior 
to those of Indianapolis ; and we believe 
she will yet give stronger evidence that 
a town may be a seat of government and 
rise to a commanding position in com- 
merce and manufactures, and, like the 
city of Indianapolis, accomplish It with- 
out being located upon a navigable river, 
either. 

There are other evidences of an enter- 
prising spirit in Springfield, of which 
but little has been said. She is the only 



100 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



city in the State, outside of Chicago, 
that has adopted and carried into effect 
an extensive system of underground 
sewerage. This cannot be too highly 
estimated in its effect upon the health 
and cleanliness of the city ; and yet a 
stranger may come and go without 
knowing that it exists, because so little 
of it can be seen, 

Springfield was the first city in the 
State, outside of Chicago, to build water 
works. And no other city in the State, 
with the above exception, has yet done 
anything that will at all compare with 
her in that respect. 

And I have not done yet. Springfield 
was the first city in the State, outside of 
Chicago, to build a street railroad — 
others have only followed in her wake. 
And yet she is spoken of as being desti- 
tute of enterprise. The truth is, Spring- 
field has been entirely too modest with 
reference to her own advantages. In 
place of heralding her enterprises as 
many others do, she has plodded on in 
business, trusting to the good judgment 
of the public in discerning and apprecia- 
ting her advantages. We believe she 
will yet be vindicated in this course, but 
it will do no harm for her citizens to 
shake off a little of their modesty. 

The good influence of this stability in 
business, is observed in its effect upon 
society, which is more refined and eleva- 
ted than is usually found in a town of 
this kind or any other, except where ed- 
ucational institutions are so grouped to- 
gether as to mould the public tastes. 

In looking over the early history of 
Springfield, and the account of the public 
buildings, churches, schools, libraries and 
benevolent institutions, it will readily be 
seen that the tendencies have all been to 
make it attractive as a home. 

Down to the close of the great rebell- 
ion, it seems never to have entered the 
minds of the people that any other busi- 
ness could be done here than to buy and 
sell and exchange the products of the 
soil, for all kinds of merchandise manu- 



factured at other points. It is not sur- 
prising that the situation was thus 
viewed, because there were little or no 
facilities for manufacturing. It is true 
there weretwo important railroads cross- 
ing each other here, but coal was shipped 
from a distance, and ruled steadily at 
from twenty-five to thirty-five cents per 
bushel, and that frequently of an inferior 
quality. Water could only be obtained 
from wells, so that a factory requiring 
any considerable quantity could not be 
supplied. 

Now, however, all is changed ! The 
railroad facilities have been doubled, the 
splendid water works have been erected, 
and the immense deposits of coal under- 
lying the city, have been developed at 
the very doors of the citizens, so that 
nothing is now wanting but the capital- 
ist with his business talents, and the arti- 
zan with his skill — the two to co-operate 
with each other in using that which na- 
ture has so lavishly bestowed and art has 
thus far developed. 

With these resources at command, it 
may be thought strange that manufactor- 
ies did not at once spring into existence; 
but it is no cause for surprise or discour- 
agement that the progress has not been 
greater. The people here had not been 
accustomed to think of manufacturing as 
a source of wealth, and they did not 
readily, and in fact, do not now fully 
realize their splendid opportunities. 

Another cause of hindrance is found in 
the fact that from the close of the war to 
the present time, a shrinkage of values 
has been steadily progressing in all parts 
of the United States, and it has, there- 
fore been an unfavorable time for the be- 
ginning of new enterprises. 

In the face of all these obstacles, 
Springfield has some energetic men, who 
have been unceasing in their efforts to 
inaugurate new business enterprises, re- 
quiring capital and labor. In order to 
act more efficiently in advancing the in- 
terests of the city, the 



IT3 ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTUEING. 



101 



SPRINGFIELD BOARD OP TRADE 

Was oigauized July 13, 18G9, with the 
foUowiug well known business men and 
firms as members : 



Melvin &Glid,)en, 
Noite & Waltiier, 
Ackerman & .Nolle, 
En-=el A May.-r, 
Fii'st Nalioiial Bank, 
Johu VV'illiani.-' & Co., 



Robinson & Bauman, 
V. Qeorire & Sou, 
F. Keiscli & «on, 
J. S. Vrefleiiburgh, 
Latham & Co., 
B. F. Fax, 



Sprius,ti'ld Savi'gs B'uk, B. F. Hayues & Co., 

S. Roseuwald, Uickeimnn & Co., 

bmith & Brother, James Coukliri<r, Jr., 

J. D B. Salter. Schiick & B.ker, 

Butle;-, Lane & Co., .1. B. Fosselmm, 

J. Thayt-r & Co., Van Ness & Ferguson, 

T. iS. Little, Heibert Posi, 

G. S. Dana, H. C. Myers & Son, 

J. M. FitzL'crald, \Vm. Lavely & Son, 

Woods & Heukle, Geo. W. Schroyer & Co., 

C. A. Gehimiuin, H. Kedlicli, 

C. A. Helnile, H. E. .Mueller, 

Sialey & Troxell, M. Mveis, 

J. Buun, J. C. & C. L. Conkling, 

Thuniiis Brady, C. H. Flower. 

W. B. Miller, 

S. H. Melvin was elected President, J. 
S. Vredenburgb, Sr., First Vice Presi- 
dent ; A. Nolte, Second Vice President. 
Directors — A. ]^[ayer, H. Post, W. Lave- 
ly, F. Smith, G. N. Black, W. B. Miller, 
F. W. Tracy, Treasurer ; W. R. Cowgiil, 
Secretary. 

The following committees were ap- 
pointed : 

0)1 Trade and Commerce — W. Lavely, 
H. S. Dickerman, S. Rosenwald, Jacob 
Bunn, B. H. Ferguson, B. F. Fox, Frank 
Reisch, Jr. 

Oil Arbitration — J. S. Vredenburgb, 
Sr., John Williams, J. D. B. Salter, C. A. 
Helrale, E. R. Thayer. 

O/i Railroads — G. N. Black, W. Baker, 
G. S. Dana, J. C. Henkle, J. W. Lane. 

J. S. Vredenburgb ceased to be a vice- 
president before the close of the first year, 
and was succeeded by W. B, Miller. 
With that exception the ofiicers remain 
unchanged, and the present directors are, 
Isaac A. Hawley, A. Mayer, C. A, Gehr- 
mann, G. N. Black, W. Lavely, and Her- 
bert Post. 

As soon as the organization was effect- 
ed, the Board fitted up a large and con- 
venient room on South Fifth street, which 
it occupies at the present time. 

The beneficial eft'ects of the Board of 
Trade has been felt in many ways, but it 
may be seen in the works of the Spring- 
—14 



field Watch Company, which was organ- 
ized directly through its influence. The 
establishing and success of the Alexander 
corn planter factory is largely due to the 
workings of the Board of Trade also. 

January 11, 1870, Mr. W. B. Cowgiil, 
the secretary, made a report to the Board, 
embodying the result of his investigations 
with reference to manufactures in the 
city. He reported $350,000 as the total 
capital invested in manufacturing enter- 
prises, giving employment to about three 
hundred men. The corn planter factory 
was then in its infancy, and the watch 
company was not organized. With these 
additions, and the increase of capacity in 
the woolen mill, and some other improve- 
ments, the capital now invested must be 
near three quarters of a million dollars, 
and the hands employed about five hund- 
red. 

The sewing machines sold at three 
agencies in this city, for the year 1869, 
he reported at 1750, amounting to about 
$145,000. 

Of the sale of agricultural implements 
he had reports from but two agencies, 
giving sales to the amount of $45,000. 
From my own observations, and what I 
believe to be reliable data, I think $150,- 
000 a very moderate estimate of the retail 
trade in agricultural implements, annu- 
ally, exclusive of what is manufactured 
in the city. 

It would be well here to enumerate 
some of the branches of manufacturing 
that it is thought would be particularly 
inviting. I have just estimated that the 
retail trade at this point, of agricultural 
implements shipped from all jmrts of the 
country, is about $150,000 — it may be 
nearer $200,000. If those implements 
were manufiictured here, the trade could 
be very largely increased, as the rail- 
road facilities are now such as to be re- 
markably favorable to the wholesale 
trade. 

By referring to the article on the Alex- 
ander corn planter, it will be seen that 
sales for the season just closed amount 



102 



ePEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



to 2000 planters. The retail price at the 
shop is sixty-five dollars, making an ag- 
gregate of $120,000 as the amount of sales 
for the season, if all had been sold at re- 
tail. This is .but a single implement, of 
a kind unknown to the farmer, until 
within a very few years. If factories were 
established here for making plows, reap- 
ers, threshers, etc., the amount of sales in 
agricultural implements alone could 
easily be brought up to half a million 
dollars, annually. 

Cotton manufacturing could be done 
here as cheap as at any other point in the 
Unived States. The difference in the cost 
of labor over the Eastern States would 
be counterbalanced in savings on the trans- 
portation of the raw material, which 
could be obtained by way of St. Louis, 
with less than one hundred miles of 
freight by railroad — the manufactured 
goods, being in the midst of the best mar- 
ket in the country, would save the freight 
from the eastern cities also. 

There are advantages here superior to 
any other within the State, for rolling 
mills, nail factories, car shops, stone foun- 
deries, furniture factories, etc., etc. 

The immense trade in sewing machines 
from this place, and its abundant and in- 
creasing railroad facilities, with all its 
other advantages, point to SjDringfield as 
a good location for a manufactory of that 
kind. 

The large and increasing trade in 
pianos, reed organs, and other musical 
instruments, would indicate this as a 
suitable place for a manufactory of that 
kind also. 

I might go on, fi'om one branch of man- 
ufacturing to another, and point out the 
advantages for each particular branch ; 



but I will close by inviting, on behalf of 
the business men of Springfield, manu- 
'facturers of all kinds to investigate the 
subject. You should, in the meantime, 
bear in mind that the supj'ly of water is 
unlimited. That if you wish to transact 
a business requiring a thousand tons of 
coal, per day, it can be supplied with the 
present facilities for mining as cheap and 
of as good quality as can be found any- 
where, east or west ; and if you want 
more, the supply can be increased to an 
unlimited extent. 

You should consult the accompanying 
map, and you will find that the railroad 
communication is easy and direct with 
all parts of the country. 

In your investigations you could cor- 
respond with any citizen of Springfield 
whose name appears in these pages ; but 
if you mean business, your best way would 
be to corresi)ond with the Board of Trade, 
the members and officers of which will 
take pleasure in supplying you with ac- 
curate information on any subject you 
may wish to investigate. But it would 
be still better for you to visit Springfield 
and call on the officers of the Board, who 
will co-operate with you in finding the 
best localities for any particular branch 
of manufacturing,and where lands may be 
procured on the most advantageous terms. 
The city council of Springfield is dispos- 
ed to be liberal also, and will, no doubt, 
be willing to make all reasonable conces- 
sions, in the way of water rents and taxes, 
towards all parties who are desirous of 
inaugurating any enterprise calculated 
to develop the industrial resources of the 
country. The invitation to all is, come 
aud see for yourselves. 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTUEING. 



103 



THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 



I have intentionally left this article 
until the last, hoping to be able to an- 
nounce the day on which the Monument 
will be dedicated. 

It is too indelibly impressed upon the 
minds of the American people to be 
readily forgotten, that on the morning 
of April 15, I860, the sad news flashed 
over the wires, that Abraham Lincoln 
bad ftiUen by the hand of an assassin. 

Many days before tlie funeral cortege 
arrived in Springfield an organization 
was effected, for the purpose of collect- 
ing funds preparatory to erecting a mon- 
ument to his memory. His remains were 
deposited in the receiving vault of Oak 
Ridge Cemetery, on the 4th of May, and 
on the 11th the organization took a legal 
form under the title of The National 
Lincoln Monument Association. 

A Board of Directors were chosen, 
who elected Gov. R. J. Oglesby, Presi- 
dent; Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, Vice Presi- 
dent ; Hon. James H. Beveridge, Treasu- 
rer; Clinton B. Conkling, Secretary. 

Circulars were sent (*ut to all parts of 
the country, soliciting contributions for 
the purpose designated. The first act of 
the Association was to erect a temporary 
vault in Oak Ridge Cemetery, in which 
to deposit the remains until the monu- 
ment could be completed. On the 21st 
of December, 1865, the body of Mr, 
Lincoln was removed from the receiving 
vault of the Oak Ridge Cemetery to 
that prepared by the Association for its 
recejJtion, within the grounds of the 
cemetery. 

During the year 1865, contributions 
came in from all parts of the country — 
East, West, North, and some from the 



South. They came from all classes of 
citizens, from almost every denomina- 
tion of christians, from Jews, from edu- 
cational, industrial and benevolent or- 
ganizations of all kinds. The largest 
proportion came from the colored people, 
and the children of the Sunday schools. 

When sufficient funds had been receiv- 
ed to justify it, the Association took 
measures to commence the erection of the 
monument. Early in 1S68, it advertised 
a " Notice to Artists," offering a liberal 
premium for a suitable design for a mon- 
ument, and invited those interested to 
send in drawings, naming Sept. 1st as 
the day for examination. At the time 
specified thirty-one designs were placed 
on exhibition. That presented by Lar- 
kin G. Mead — a native of Brattleboro, 
Vermont, but who had spent several 
years in Florence, Italy — was adopted. 
The monument to be constructed of 
granite and the statuary of bronze. 

A contract was entered into with Mr. 
Mead to mould and cast all the statuary, 
consisting of four groups, representing 
the Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and 
Navy ; also, a statue of Mr. Lincoln and 
the coat of arms of the United States. 
A price was fixed on each piece and 
group of statuary, and the Association 
reserved the privilege of ordering the 
work to proceed on a single piece at a 
time, or more, as its finances would jus- 
tify. Orders were at once given for the 
artist to mould and cast the statue of 
Mr. Lincoln and the coat of arms of the 
United States 

The Association then entered into a 
contract with W. D. Richardson, of 
Springfield, to erect the architectural 
part of the monument. Ground was 



104 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 



broken Sept. 9th, 1869, with ceremonials 
appropriate to the occasion. 

When all were assembled at the spot 
chosen, Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, the Vice 
President, gave a statement, in detail, of 
the assets of the Association, which 
amounted to $158,663 46. Its liabilities 
were : — Contract with W. D. Richardson 
tor building the architectural part of the 
monument, $136,550, and with Larkin 
G. Mead, for the bronze statue of Mr. 
Lincoln, $13,700, and the coat of arms, 
$1,500 ; making a total of |151,750; the 
payment of which would leave a balance 
of $6,913 46 in the treasury. The monu- 
ment would then be complete, except the 
four groups of statuary. 

It was expected that the architectural 
part would be completed by Jan. 1, 1871, 
but the delay by the railroads in trans- 
porting the granite from Quincy, Mass., 
made it necessary to defer part of it until 
the present season. Mr. Richardson now 
has all the materials on the ground, 
with a full force of men, and he confi- 
dently expects to have it completed by 
the 4th of July. 

The plaster model of the statue of Mr. 
Lincoln, commenced in 1869, was com- 
pleted and shipped to Chicopee, Massa- 
chusetts, together with the coat of arms, 
in October, 1870, there to be cast from 
cannon donated by the United States Con- 
gress for that purpose. As a work of art 
it is regarded by competent critics to be 
a perfect Fuccess. 

A newspaper, called La Rlforma, pub- 
lished in Florence, Italy, in its issue of 
February 23, 1870, contains a criticism, 
from a translation of which I make the 
following quotations : 

"The statue, which will rise in colossal 
proportions from the monument, holds in 
the left hand a scroll, upon which is 
written "Emancipation," and in the other 
the pen with which Lincoln blotted from 
human history the stain of slavery. As 
a symbol of union, to which he devoted 
his existence, the fasces are placed near 
the statue, upon which is thrown, in re- 



lief, the glorious banner of the republic. 

* * * At the foot of the fasces reclines 
a crown of laurel — that crown which 
mankind have unanimously placed on 
the head of the great citizen. 

"But art stops when life is to be infus- 
ed into inert matter ; and then inspira- 
tion must be summoned, to express the 
feeling and sentiment of a soul, which 
reflects, as in a mirror, the grandeur of 
the hero whose figure she would model. 

* * * In this work Mr. Mead has sur- 
passed our expectations. 

"The Florentines admire the works of 
Mr. Mead, and desire to do homage to 
the memory of Lincoln, who no longer 
belongs exclusively to America, but to 
the whole world — an honor to the human 
race." 

Hon. W. M. Springer and lady wei e 
in Florence at the time the above cri- 
ticisms were made, and he alludes to 
them in one of his letters to the Journal 
of this city : 

"The comments of the Florentine j^a- 
pers are very complimentary, and you 
have a right to conclude that the statue 
merits all that is said of it. Here, where 
are found the fiuest works of Michael 
Angelo and Canova, and the renowned 
cliefs d'ceutre of Greek sculpture, every 
work of this kind must stand upon its 
own merits. All who have seen Mr. 
Mead's statue of Mr. Lincoln admire it." 

The coat of arms was completed before 
the arrival of Mr. and Mrs. Springer. A 
photograph of it, by L. Powers, a son of 
Hiram Powers, who has a gallery adjoin- 
ing the studio of his father, is before me. 
It was presented by Mr. Mead to Mrs. 
Springer. 

The coat of arms is in bas relief; the 
shield with part of the stars obscured, 
supports the American Eagle. The olive 
branch, having been tendered, until it 
was spurned by the foe ; is cast under 
foot, and the conflict rngcs until the 
chain of shivery is torn asunder, one por- 
tion remaining grasj^ed in the talons of 



ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTURING. 



105 



the Eagle and the other held aloft in his 
beak. 

lion. J. C. Conkling, of this city, a 
long and intimate friend of Mr. Lincoln, 
was at Chicopee in December last, and 
his descriptions of the models are simi- 
lar to those previously given. He says 
the statue of Mr. Lincoln is about twelve 
feet high, and that the features are re- 
markably accurate. 

I cannot, in this article, give a detailed 
description of the monument, but will 
couteut myself with a brief sketch of the 
outlines. The foundation for the obelisk 
is seventeen feet square, and commences 
sixteen feet beneath the surface. From 
the bottom it Is built up a solid mass of 
masonry, thirty-one feet, bringiug it fif- 
teen feet above the ground line. To 
this height it is surrounded by a terrace 
seventy-four feet square. From the ter- 
race the obelisk rises eighty-five feet 
making it just one hundred feet above 
the surface of the ground. The obelisk 
is twelve feet square at the top of the 
terrace, and tapers to eight feet square at 
the apex. 

The shaft has a circular opening six 
feet in diameter from the terrace to the 
top, where there is a small square room 
with three windows, twelve inches in 
diameter, on each side. A circular iron 
stairway ascends the entire distance. 
From this room at the top a fine view of 
Sjiringfield and the surrounding country 
can be enjoyed. 

The terrace being seventy-four feet 
square, there is a semi-circular projection 
at the north side, the same height of the 
terrace, which is called the Catacomb. 
The Catacomb has six Crypts for the re- 
mains of Lincoln and his immediate 
family. It is entered from the ground 
by a door on the extreme north 

There is an oval projection at the south 
side, the same height of the terrace, 
which is called Memorial Hall. It is de- 
signed as a receptacle for articles used 
by or in any way associated with Mr. 
Lincoln. It is entered from the ground 
by a door at the extreme soitth. 



The terrace is reached by four flights 
of stone steps, one from each corner ; 
two landing over the Catacomb and two 
over Memorial Hall. The Terrace, Cata- 
comb and Memorial Hall, are all covered 
with immense slabs of planed lime stone 
from the quarries near Joliet. This 
makes a fine promenade on every side of 
the obelisk. On a level with the Terrace 
a door enters the obelisk at the south 
side, and from there the ascent by the 
circular iron stairway begins. 

There is a projection from the side of 
the obelisk just over the door. The 
United States coat of arras forms the front 
of the projection, and this is the pedestal 
on which the statue of Lincoln is to 
stand, with his face towards the south. 

The entire exterior walls of the terrace, 
catacomb, memorial hall and obelisk is 
granite, which will all be in its place 
early in July. 

The Association is not yet prepared to 
name the exact day for the dedication, 
because they do not know just how soon 
the statue and coat of arms will be com- 
pleted. In order to give ample time for 
placing them in position, I um authorized 
to say that the dedication will take place 
in the latter jjart of September or early 
in October. As soon as it can be done 
without danger of disappointment, the 
puljlic will be notified of the exact day 
to be devoted to removing the remains 
of Mr. Lincoln from the temporary vault 
to the Crypt designed for it in the Cata- 
comb, and unveiling the statue. The cap 
stone was elevated to its position Monday 
morning, May 22d, without any ceremo- 
nials except the i)uffiug of the little steam 
engine that runs the derrick, and tlie 
few words of command addressed by the 
master builder to the workmen. 

This does not complete the monument, 
as there is some work to do on the Cata- 
comb, Memorial Hall, and the outer walls 
of the Terrace ; wliich can be done morn 
easily after the hoisting machinery is re- 
moved from the obelisk. 



106 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS. 



ANNOUNCEMENT. 



With the approval and co-operation of 
the officers of the National Lincoln Mon- 
ument Association, I have commenced 
preparing a 

HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE NA- 
TIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 

It will embrace a minute historical ac- 
count of the inception of the enterprise, 
from whom and from whence came the 
contributions, with such incidents con- 
nected with raising the money as it may 
be thought will be of general interest. 

The description of the monument will 
be both minute and elaborate. It will 
be illustrated by eight or ten engravings, 
which with the written description will 
give a clear understanding of the whole 
structure, in all its parts. The illustra- 
tions will commence with the ground 
phm, followed by views of the Catacomb, 
with its six Crypts, for the reception of 
the burial caskets of Lincoln and his im- 
mediate family. Memorial Hall, parts of 
the terrace, tablets with the names of the 
(States forming the cordon around the 
monument above the terrace, ending -.vith 
a full page engraving of the monument, 
as it is to be when completed. 

Not the least interesting among the 
illustrations will be a fac simile of a stone 
— with its Latin inscription and a trans- 
lation of the same — which was taken 
from the fragment of a wall built around 
tliat ancient city, during the reign of Ser- 
vius Tullius, the Sixth King of Rome, 
who ascended the throne in the year 578 
before the Christian era. He sprang 
from the common people, and his entire 



reign was devoted to their elevation and 
improvement. For this reason he was 
assassinated by the minions of tyranny 
and oppression, in the 44th year of his 
reign. 

After Abraham Lincoln was re-elected 
president of the United States, some 
Roman patriots who had evidently traced 
the similarity between the lives of their 
ancient king, and the president of the 
American republic, took this stone from 
the old wall of Servius Tullius, placed the 
inscription on it which it now bears, and 
sent it to Washington City, in order "to 
associate the names of those two brave 
assertors of liberty." Before its arrival 
the parallel had been completed by the 
assassination of Abraham Lincoln also. 
By the exertions of the Hon. Shelby M. 
CuUom, the stone was sent from Wash- 
ington to Springfield, arriving at the of- 
fice of Hon. Jesse K* Dubois, September 
I5th, 1870. It will remain in his office 
until memorial hall is completed, when 
it will be removed to that place. 

The book will be completed by the fif- 
teenth of August, and in order to bring 
it within the reach of the most humble, 
it will be published in two forms, and 
sent in paper covers by mail, to any ad- 
dress, on receipt of 75 cents, and neatly 
bound in cloth for $1.00. Address J. C. 
Power, P. 0. Box, 800 Springfield 111. 

Editors noticing this article, stating 
title and price of the book, with my ad- 
dress, and sending me a copy of tlie 
paper containing the same, will receive a 
bound copy of the book, as soon as it is 
published. 



'y 



7' 



HISTORY 



OF 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, 



Its Attractions as a Home and Advantages 
FOR Business, 



MANUFACTURING, ETC. 



IMTBMSIIEn ITXnKR TIIK AITSPTCES OF THE 

UMQFmmB BQ^MB QF TM^BE» 

BY J. C. F»OWER. 



y 




SPRINGFIELD ; 

ILLINOIS 6TATR JOURNAL PRINT. 

1871. 



LBJalO 



H 137 89 ^ 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



014 753 070 5 



